Analysis and Design of the Three-Inverter Schmitt Trigger for Supply Voltages Down to 50 mV

This brief analyzes the operation of the three-inverter Schmitt trigger (TI-ST) at ultra-low supply voltages. Included in the analysis is a model to predict the supply voltage at which the TI-ST changes from the amplifier mode to the hysteresis mode. We show theoretically that the TI-ST can exhibit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. II, Express briefs Express briefs, 2021-07, Vol.68 (7), p.2302-2306
Main Authors: Daros Fernandes, Thiago, Galup-Montoro, Carlos, Schneider, Marcio Cherem
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
CMOS
Electric potential
Hysteresis
Inverters
Mathematical model
MOSFET
Oscillators
relaxation oscillator
Relaxation oscillators
Schmitt trigger
Schmitt triggers
subthreshold
Transistors
ultra-low voltage
Voltage
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Summary:This brief analyzes the operation of the three-inverter Schmitt trigger (TI-ST) at ultra-low supply voltages. Included in the analysis is a model to predict the supply voltage at which the TI-ST changes from the amplifier mode to the hysteresis mode. We show theoretically that the TI-ST can exhibit hysteresis for a supply voltage as low as the fundamental limit of unity gain of the CMOS inverter. We also demonstrate experimentally that, with a suitable design, hysteresis starts to occur from a supply voltage as low as 48.5 mV. A relaxation oscillator built with a TI-ST and standard inverters is experimentally demonstrated to start to oscillate from supply voltages as low as 62 mV.
ISSN:1549-7747
1558-3791
DOI:10.1109/TCSII.2021.3058358