Measurement of Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Level by UWB Transceiver in Diabetic Patient Type-1

• Published in: IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering 2021-06, Vol.1105 (1), p.12071
• Main Authors: Al-Iraqi, Entisar Younis, Fayadh, Rashid Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomedical materials; Blood; blood glucose; Body area networks; Diabetes; diabetic Type-1; dielectric properties; Frequency response; Glucose; Insulin; Measurement methods; microwave sensor; Microwave sensors; non-invasive; Permittivity; Sensors; Transceivers; Ultra-wideband; Ultrawideband
• ISSN: 1757-8981; 1757-899X
• DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/1105/1/012071

Diabetes is a silent killer and a rapidly increasing global epidemic worldwide. The change in healthy diabetes diet and life-style is only therapy as no permanent treatment. The measuring of the amount of Blood Glucose Level (BGL) continuously is important for diabetes management. In general terms, two types of diabetes can be identified as Type-1- and Type-2-. Type-1- is the most dangerous type and affects (5-10 percent) of the diabetic population; they have to inject or pump insulin themselves. The common method of measuring is glucometer which the sample of blood is taken by clipping patient’s finger and analysis this sample. This invasive method is painful and discomfort for the patient. This article presents a microwave sensor with frequency falls in the range of Ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum to determine blood glucose level non-invasively (i, e. without giving any sample of blood). Ultra-wideband technology for the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an important technology due to its advantages in sensing and communication for biomedical applications. The proposed system consists of a piece of microwave resonator that can be placed on the arm of the patient. Then, the first frequency resonance of the sensor is modifying because of many changes are calculated in dielectric blood permittivity and frequency value transferred from the sensor. Relationship between the frequency response and the changing in blood permittivity is observed. This may result in a measurement phase in which the Blood Glucose Level present has a relation with the frequency response value of the sensor. This system showed a clear and accurate outcome. Besides, it is easy to use by patient himself in any time with multiple use without exchanging any part of it, and safe because no taking any drop of blood just put the sensor in touch with patient’s skin without pains, and low cost compared with other methods that measure the glucose level.