A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification

The growth of environmental awareness and more robust enforcement of numerous regulations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have directed efforts towards addressing current environmental challenges. Considering the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), one of the effective strategies to control gree...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2020-11, Vol.12 (21), p.9079
Main Authors: Ghorbani, Erfan, Alinaghian, Mahdi, Gharehpetian, Gevork. B., Mohammadi, Sajad, Perboli, Guido
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative fuels
Business models
Classification
Electric vehicles
Electricity
Emissions
Environmental awareness
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Hybrid vehicles
Logistics
Polls & surveys
Pollutants
Road transportation
Route planning
Sustainability
Vehicle routing
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Summary:The growth of environmental awareness and more robust enforcement of numerous regulations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have directed efforts towards addressing current environmental challenges. Considering the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), one of the effective strategies to control greenhouse gas emissions is to convert the fossil fuel-powered fleet into Environmentally Friendly Vehicles (EFVs). Given the multitude of constraints and assumptions defined for different types of VRPs, as well as assumptions and operational constraints specific to each type of EFV, many variants of environmentally friendly VRPs (EF-VRP) have been introduced. In this paper, studies conducted on the subject of EF-VRP are reviewed, considering all the road transport EFV types and problem variants, and classifying and discussing with a single holistic vision. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it determines a classification of EF-VRP studies based on different types of EFVs, i.e., Alternative-Fuel Vehicles (AFVs), Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Vehicles (HVs). Second, it presents a comprehensive survey by considering each variant of the classification, technical constraints and solution methods arising in the literature. The results of this paper show that studies on EF-VRP are relatively novel and there is still room for large improvements in several areas. So, to determine future insights, for each classification of EF-VRP studies, the paper provides the literature gaps and future research needs.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su12219079