Environmental Reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae: Challenges and Opportunities for Ocean-Color Remote Sensing

The World Health Organization has estimated the burden of the on-going pandemic of cholera at 1.3 to 4 million cases per year worldwide in 2016, and a doubling of case-fatality-rate to 1.8% in 2016 from 0.8% in 2015. The disease cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that can be found in...

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Published in:Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-12, Vol.11 (23), p.2763
Main Authors: Racault, Marie-Fanny, Abdulaziz, Anas, George, Grinson, Menon, Nandini, C, Jasmin, Punathil, Minu, McConville, Kristian, Loveday, Ben, Platt, Trevor, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Vijayan, Vijitha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Biogeochemical cycles
Biogeochemistry
Carbon
Cholera
Environmental conditions
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Health risks
Infections
Infectious diseases
Mortality
Ocean color
Pandemics
Particulate matter
Pathogens
Plankton
Remote monitoring
Remote sensing
Remote sensors
Risk assessment
Salinity
Sustainable development
Vibrio
Vibrio cholerae
Water quality
Waterborne diseases
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Summary:The World Health Organization has estimated the burden of the on-going pandemic of cholera at 1.3 to 4 million cases per year worldwide in 2016, and a doubling of case-fatality-rate to 1.8% in 2016 from 0.8% in 2015. The disease cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that can be found in environmental reservoirs, living either in free planktonic form or in association with host organisms, non-living particulate matter or in the sediment, and participating in various biogeochemical cycles. An increasing number of epidemiological studies are using land- and water-based remote-sensing observations for monitoring, surveillance, or risk mapping of Vibrio pathogens and cholera outbreaks. Although the Vibrio pathogens cannot be sensed directly by satellite sensors, remotely-sensed data can be used to infer their presence. Here, we review the use of ocean-color remote-sensing data, in conjunction with information on the ecology of the pathogen, to map its distribution and forecast risk of disease occurrence. Finally, we assess how satellite-based information on cholera may help support the Sustainable Development Goals and targets on Health (Goal 3), Water Quality (Goal 6), Climate (Goal 13), and Life Below Water (Goal 14).
ISSN:2072-4292
2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs11232763