Airfoil Shape Optimization: Comparative Study of Meta-heuristic Algorithms, Airfoil Parameterization Methods and Reynolds Number Impact

The aerodynamic efficiency in airfoil theory is defined as the ratio between the lift and drag force, which is the main objective function to be maximized in a wide kind of vehicle design due to its strong relationship between fuel consumption and range. This work employs the 4-digits NACA parameter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering 2021-06, Vol.1154 (1), p.12016
Main Authors: Hoyos, JoséD, Jímenez, Jesús H, Echavarría, Camilo, Alvarado, Juan P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerodynamics
Airfoils
Algorithms
Angle of attack
Camber
Comparative studies
Computational fluid dynamics
Computing costs
Drag
Efficiency
Fluid flow
Genetic algorithms
Heuristic methods
Lift
Optimization
Parameterization
Parameters
Particle swarm optimization
Reynolds number
Shape optimization
Source code
Trigonometric functions
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Summary:The aerodynamic efficiency in airfoil theory is defined as the ratio between the lift and drag force, which is the main objective function to be maximized in a wide kind of vehicle design due to its strong relationship between fuel consumption and range. This work employs the 4-digits NACA parameterization, a recently developed 6-parameters method, and the PARSEC technique with a correction of the matrices available in the literature, to compare the computational cost and the ability to achieved higher efficiency of these parameterizations. A genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization routines are developed and implemented in Matlab, also a sine-cosine algorithm is tested, where Xfoil and the open-source computational fluid dynamic software OpenFOAM are coupled with the optimization algorithms. Finally, a Reynolds number impact study is performed related to the airfoil shape and the angle of attack which maximizes the aerodynamic efficiency. The results showed a faster convergence for the particle swarm optimization and the highest aerodynamic efficiency achieved by the 6-parameter method. Furthermore, with a higher Reynolds number, a higher angle of attack for the optimum lift-to-drag ratio as well a less camber is obtained.
ISSN:1757-8981
1757-899X
DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/1154/1/012016