Breeding of Winter Rye Hybrids Based on Pampa CMS

• Published in: Russian agricultural sciences 2021, Vol.47 (3), p.206-211
• Main Authors: Goncharenko, A. A., Makarov, A. V., Ermakov, S. A., Semenova, T. V., Tochilin, V. N., Goncharenko, M. S., Krakhmaleva, O. A., Yashina, N. A., Ratakhov, A. I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Combining ability; Cytoplasm; Fertility; Grain; Hybrids; Inbreeding; Life Sciences; Lodging; Plant Biochemistry; Plant breeding; Plant Growing; Plant Protection and Biotechnology; Rye; Starch; Sterility; Winter
• ISSN: 1068-3674; 1934-8037
• DOI: 10.3103/S106836742103006X

Studies were carried out to create highly heterotic interlinear winter rye hybrids F 1 based on Pampa CMS and to identify high-yielding combinations with the best grain quality. More than 350 relatively highly productive and short-stemmed inbred forms were obtained by repeated inbreeding of self-fertile plants. Analogs with sterile Pampa cytoplasm were created using 40 of the best lines by saturating backcrosses. Interline crosses were carried out and lines with high general and specific combining ability, as well as forms with complete restoration of fertility and fixing of sterility, were identified. Based on inbred lines originating from the Saratov (H-1185, H-1247) and Vyatka (H-1423, H-1432) gene pools, by crossing a simple interline hybrid F 1 (cms H-1185 × mf H-1247) with a two-line synthetic C-899/20 Rf (obtained from crossing the lines Н-1423 and Н-1432), a promising commercial rye hybrid Nemchinovsky 1 was created. During the years of competitive testing (2017–2020), its average yield was 6.4 t/ha, which is 0.63 t/ha, or 10.9%, higher than for the Valdai reference. This was due to the higher number of ears per 1 m 2 (by 98 pcs.). The average plant height was 136 cm, which is 3 cm lower than the reference. Due to the strong stem, the hybrid is characterized by better lodging resistance, while its winter hardiness and thousand kernel weight are comparable to those of the reference. Nemchinovsky 1 is characterized by better indicators of grain quality: it consistently outperforms the reference in terms of amylogram height (by 64 units), falling number (by 41 s), starch gelatinization temperature (by 1°C), viscosity of aqueous extract of grain meal (by 0.7 cP), and shape stability of hearth bread (by 0.04 units).