Optimal Frequency Regulation using Packetized Energy Management

Packetized energy management (PEM) is a demand dispatch scheme that can be used to provide ancillary services such as frequency regulation. In PEM, distributed energy resources (DERs) are granted uninterruptible access to the grid for a pre-specified time interval called the packet length. This resu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2022-02
Main Authors: Brahma, Sarnaduti, Adil Khurram, Ossareh, Hamid, Almassalkhi, Mads
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ancillary services
Automatic control
Distributed generation
Energy management
Energy sources
Power consumption
Predictive control
Signal generation
Statistical analysis
Tracking control
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Packetized energy management (PEM) is a demand dispatch scheme that can be used to provide ancillary services such as frequency regulation. In PEM, distributed energy resources (DERs) are granted uninterruptible access to the grid for a pre-specified time interval called the packet length. This results in a down ramp-limited response in PEM for DERs that can only consume power from the grid. In this work, a linearized virtual battery model of PEM is provided that is capable of predicting the down-ramp limited output of PEM and is used in a model predictive control (MPC) framework to improve the performance of PEM in tracking an automatic generation control (AGC) signal. By performing statistical analysis on the AGC regulation signal, PJM Reg-D, an ARMA model is derived as a predictor for the MPC-based precompensator. Finally, as an alternative to MPC, it is shown that by varying the packet length as a function of time, for example through packet randomization, frequency regulation can be improved under PEM.
ISSN:2331-8422