Bringing the developmental state back in: explaining South Korea's successful management of COVID-19

South Korea had the largest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 after China by February 2020. This situation changed dramatically in less than two months as it effectively managed the pandemic without imposing a nationwide lockdown. Furthermore, Korean pharmaceutical companies quickly manufactured...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Third world quarterly 2021-07, Vol.42 (7), p.1397-1416
Main Author: Kumar, Rajiv
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Developed countries
developmental state
Economic activity
Economic crisis
Government agencies
Health services
Intervention
Medical supplies
Medicine
pandemic management
Pandemics
Pharmaceutical industry
Public officials
regulatory state
Scarcity
Shortages
south korea
State-society relations
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Summary:South Korea had the largest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 after China by February 2020. This situation changed dramatically in less than two months as it effectively managed the pandemic without imposing a nationwide lockdown. Furthermore, Korean pharmaceutical companies quickly manufactured sufficient test-kits and other COVID-19 essential medical devices to meet domestic demand and exported them to more than one hundred countries, including developed countries, amid global shortages. What explains South Korea's success story? Drawing on the developmental state concept, I argue that South Korea's success story can be attributed to 1) the early creation of a health official-led pilot agency; 2) the government's intervention for rapid production and export of medical equipment; 3) the distinct state-society relations. In doing so, contrary to the declinist literature, this study reveals that the Korean state's institutional capacity has not declined. It also illustrates that the developmental state seems to be an effective system in dealing with a pandemic and promoting economic activities during the crisis. However, it is yet to be seen how Korea will deal with future challenges arising from the new wave. This study also suggests how the Global South can learn lessons from the South Korean experience.
ISSN:0143-6597
1360-2241
DOI:10.1080/01436597.2021.1903311