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Organ reconstruction and systematic relationships of Late Cretaceous palm stems and roots
Permineralized palm stems and adventitious roots are classified under specific organ-type genera (Palmoxylon or Rhizopalmoxylon) without affinities below the family level. Fragments of vegetative basal axes provide an incomplete picture of histological changes due to axial and radial differences in...
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Published in: | Journal of systematic palaeontology 2021-04, Vol.19 (7), p.519-539 |
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description | Permineralized palm stems and adventitious roots are classified under specific organ-type genera (Palmoxylon or Rhizopalmoxylon) without affinities below the family level. Fragments of vegetative basal axes provide an incomplete picture of histological changes due to axial and radial differences in cell growth. However, stem and root anatomical descriptors were previously reported based on general and consistent internal structural features. Two root specimens from the Tarahumara Formation and six stem specimens from the Olmos Formation are included as terminals in a previously reported family-wide morphological and molecular character matrix at the genus level enriched with stem and root anatomical descriptors to elucidate their systematic relationships. Late Cretaceous vegetative basal axes from northern Mexico have systematic affinities to subfamily Coryphoideae. The root system of Palmoxylon polymorphum is included in its original stem description and this fossil species is inferred to have a sister relationship to Cryosophileae. Circumscription of Rhizopalmoxylon huepaciense is emended to include former R. teguachiense, and a systematic affinity to the syncarpous clade is inferred. Circumscription of Palmoxylon longum is also emended, to include former P. commune, P. enochii, P. fibrosum and P. kikaapoa, and a systematic affinity to tribe Borasseae is inferred. These findings highlight the utility of cladistic analyses for reconstructing fossil fragments of palm vegetative basal axes and for inferring their systematic relationships. They also support a Late Cretaceous divergence of Coryphoideae and raise questions about its biogeographic history. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1080/14772019.2021.1938263 |
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The root system of Palmoxylon polymorphum is included in its original stem description and this fossil species is inferred to have a sister relationship to Cryosophileae. Circumscription of Rhizopalmoxylon huepaciense is emended to include former R. teguachiense, and a systematic affinity to the syncarpous clade is inferred. Circumscription of Palmoxylon longum is also emended, to include former P. commune, P. enochii, P. fibrosum and P. kikaapoa, and a systematic affinity to tribe Borasseae is inferred. These findings highlight the utility of cladistic analyses for reconstructing fossil fragments of palm vegetative basal axes and for inferring their systematic relationships. 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S.</creatorcontrib><title>Organ reconstruction and systematic relationships of Late Cretaceous palm stems and roots</title><title>Journal of systematic palaeontology</title><description>Permineralized palm stems and adventitious roots are classified under specific organ-type genera (Palmoxylon or Rhizopalmoxylon) without affinities below the family level. Fragments of vegetative basal axes provide an incomplete picture of histological changes due to axial and radial differences in cell growth. However, stem and root anatomical descriptors were previously reported based on general and consistent internal structural features. Two root specimens from the Tarahumara Formation and six stem specimens from the Olmos Formation are included as terminals in a previously reported family-wide morphological and molecular character matrix at the genus level enriched with stem and root anatomical descriptors to elucidate their systematic relationships. Late Cretaceous vegetative basal axes from northern Mexico have systematic affinities to subfamily Coryphoideae. The root system of Palmoxylon polymorphum is included in its original stem description and this fossil species is inferred to have a sister relationship to Cryosophileae. Circumscription of Rhizopalmoxylon huepaciense is emended to include former R. teguachiense, and a systematic affinity to the syncarpous clade is inferred. Circumscription of Palmoxylon longum is also emended, to include former P. commune, P. enochii, P. fibrosum and P. kikaapoa, and a systematic affinity to tribe Borasseae is inferred. These findings highlight the utility of cladistic analyses for reconstructing fossil fragments of palm vegetative basal axes and for inferring their systematic relationships. They also support a Late Cretaceous divergence of Coryphoideae and raise questions about its biogeographic history.</description><subject>Affinity</subject><subject>anatomical characters</subject><subject>Arecaceae</subject><subject>cladistic analyses</subject><subject>Coryphoideae</subject><subject>Cretaceous</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Genera</subject><subject>Palmoxylon</subject><subject>Plant anatomy</subject><subject>Plant fossils</subject><subject>Rhizopalmoxylon</subject><subject>Roots</subject><subject>Stems</subject><issn>1477-2019</issn><issn>1478-0941</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtKAzEUhoMoWC-PIARcT81lMpPslOINCt3owlU4kyY6ZWZSkwzStzfT1q2rc_jz_SfwIXRDyZwSSe5oWdeMUDVnhNE5VVyyip-gWc5lQVRJT_d7XUzQObqIcUMyWYp6hj5W4RMGHKzxQ0xhNKn1A4ZhjeMuJttDak1-7WDK41e7jdg7vIRk8SLYBMb6MeItdD2e8LivBu9TvEJnDrpor4_zEr0_Pb4tXorl6vl18bAsDOcyFcy4kkvBleRWEScbQYWDilhjauBqTZ2wSjbQlEwp1jCW84o4VUnaMCErfoluD3e3wX-PNia98WMY8peaCVHRrIapTIkDZYKPMVint6HtIew0JXqyqP8s6smiPlrMvftDrx2cDz38-NCtdYJd54MLMJg2av7_iV-4mXmK</recordid><startdate>20210403</startdate><enddate>20210403</enddate><creator>Breña-Ochoa, Alejandra</creator><creator>Cevallos-Ferriz, Sergio R. 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S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-2cf43853983e90f8b515fa60ecc7a39d1f5e98bab42992b22cc760f9681b25863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Affinity</topic><topic>anatomical characters</topic><topic>Arecaceae</topic><topic>cladistic analyses</topic><topic>Coryphoideae</topic><topic>Cretaceous</topic><topic>Divergence</topic><topic>Fossils</topic><topic>Genera</topic><topic>Palmoxylon</topic><topic>Plant anatomy</topic><topic>Plant fossils</topic><topic>Rhizopalmoxylon</topic><topic>Roots</topic><topic>Stems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Breña-Ochoa, Alejandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cevallos-Ferriz, Sergio R. S.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of systematic palaeontology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Breña-Ochoa, Alejandra</au><au>Cevallos-Ferriz, Sergio R. S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Organ reconstruction and systematic relationships of Late Cretaceous palm stems and roots</atitle><jtitle>Journal of systematic palaeontology</jtitle><date>2021-04-03</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>519</spage><epage>539</epage><pages>519-539</pages><issn>1477-2019</issn><eissn>1478-0941</eissn><abstract>Permineralized palm stems and adventitious roots are classified under specific organ-type genera (Palmoxylon or Rhizopalmoxylon) without affinities below the family level. Fragments of vegetative basal axes provide an incomplete picture of histological changes due to axial and radial differences in cell growth. However, stem and root anatomical descriptors were previously reported based on general and consistent internal structural features. Two root specimens from the Tarahumara Formation and six stem specimens from the Olmos Formation are included as terminals in a previously reported family-wide morphological and molecular character matrix at the genus level enriched with stem and root anatomical descriptors to elucidate their systematic relationships. Late Cretaceous vegetative basal axes from northern Mexico have systematic affinities to subfamily Coryphoideae. The root system of Palmoxylon polymorphum is included in its original stem description and this fossil species is inferred to have a sister relationship to Cryosophileae. Circumscription of Rhizopalmoxylon huepaciense is emended to include former R. teguachiense, and a systematic affinity to the syncarpous clade is inferred. Circumscription of Palmoxylon longum is also emended, to include former P. commune, P. enochii, P. fibrosum and P. kikaapoa, and a systematic affinity to tribe Borasseae is inferred. 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subjects | Affinity anatomical characters Arecaceae cladistic analyses Coryphoideae Cretaceous Divergence Fossils Genera Palmoxylon Plant anatomy Plant fossils Rhizopalmoxylon Roots Stems |
title | Organ reconstruction and systematic relationships of Late Cretaceous palm stems and roots |
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