Labor Immigration and Capital Flows: Long-Term Australian, Canadian and United States Experience 1

Evidence on labor immigration and capital inflows to three high labor-immigration economies (Australia, Canada, the United States) is examined over periods ranging from 1820–1870 through to 1991. Data show a close association between capital flows and immigration, although causality implications are...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The International migration review 1996-12, Vol.30 (4), p.925-949
Main Authors: Clarke, Harry R., Smith, Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ambiguity
Capital
Capital movement
Causality
Immigrants
Immigration
Immigration policy
Labor
Labor migration
Policy making
Post World War II period
World War II
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Summary:Evidence on labor immigration and capital inflows to three high labor-immigration economies (Australia, Canada, the United States) is examined over periods ranging from 1820–1870 through to 1991. Data show a close association between capital flows and immigration, although causality implications are ambiguous. For the United States, the relation between factor flows is more complex than for the other countries, but flows to the United States have influenced those to smaller economies. All three nations have been subjected to common immigrant push factors through to 1930–1950 but, since World War II, linkages between factor flows have altered. Post-World War II U.S. immigration restrictions have become more important as a global determinant of labor flows, with factor flow policymaking becoming increasingly internationally interdependent.
ISSN:0197-9183
1747-7379
DOI:10.1177/019791839603000403