Surface modified sodium titanate as low voltage anode for sodium rechargeable cell with superior electrochemical properties

•Low voltage Na2Ti3O7 coated with zirconia and carbon.•ZrO2 surface coating by impregnation method is found beneficial.•Carbon coating using liquid carbon source impart additional stability. Surface modification by a thin layer of inert carbon or zirconia obtained by simple impregnation method are f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials letters 2021-10, Vol.301, p.130219, Article 130219
Main Authors: Mukherjee, Anwesa, Mondal, Subhadip, Das, Debasish, Banerjee, Susanta, Majumder, S.B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodes
Carbon
Electrochemical analysis
Electrolytes
Low voltage
Materials science
Na2Ti3O7
Polyethylene-glycol(PEG)
Sodium titanate
Solid electrolytes
Surface coating
Zirconia(ZrO2)
Zirconium dioxide
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Summary:•Low voltage Na2Ti3O7 coated with zirconia and carbon.•ZrO2 surface coating by impregnation method is found beneficial.•Carbon coating using liquid carbon source impart additional stability. Surface modification by a thin layer of inert carbon or zirconia obtained by simple impregnation method are found to beneficial to improve the cycleability and rate capability of Na2Ti3O7, a promising low voltage anode for sodium ion battery. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the structure of Na2Ti3O7 remains unaltered after the surface modification. Both carbon and zirconia coated samples show improved electrochemical properties compared to the bare Na2Ti3O7 as both the thin coating layer helps to control unwanted solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth at electrode–electrolyte interface. After 100 cycles, the modified materials are able to retain ~75% (for Na2Ti3O7@C) and ~68% (for Na2Ti3O7@ZrO2) of their initial capacity whereas the bare material retains only ~21% of its initial capacity.
ISSN:0167-577X
1873-4979
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130219