Synergy between piperazine pyrophosphate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retarded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer

lPiperazine pyrophosphate and aluminum diethylphosphinate were introduced to ABS as effective halogen-free flame retardants.lThe PAPP/AlPi mixture with a 4:1 mass ratio presented an optimum synergy.lThe Lewis acid-base interactions between PAPP and AlPi resulted in a char layer with superior barrier...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymer degradation and stability 2021-08, Vol.190, p.109639, Article 109639
Main Authors: Yuan, Zha, Wen, Hui, Liu, Yuan, Wang, Qi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABS
ABS resins
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Aluminum
Aluminum diethylphosphinate
Cone calorimeters
Copolymers
Dilution
Flame retardant
Flame retardants
Flammability
Fourier transforms
FTIR spectrometers
Infrared analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
Lewis acid
Melt blending
Photoelectrons
Piperazine pyrophosphate
Scanning electron microscopy
Spectroscopic analysis
Styrenes
Synergy
Thermal stability
Thermogravimetric analysis
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Summary:lPiperazine pyrophosphate and aluminum diethylphosphinate were introduced to ABS as effective halogen-free flame retardants.lThe PAPP/AlPi mixture with a 4:1 mass ratio presented an optimum synergy.lThe Lewis acid-base interactions between PAPP and AlPi resulted in a char layer with superior barrier effect. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer was combined with piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) to prepare the flame retarded ABS (FRABS) composites by melt blending method. The PAPP/AlPi mixture with a mass ratio of 4:1 achieved an optimum synergy at a 25 wt.% flame retardant loading. The relevant composite (FRABS-3) reached the UL-94 V-0 rating (3.2 mm) and got a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.8%. The synergistic flame retardancy mechanism of PAPP and AlPi was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with an FTIR spectrometer (TG-FTIR), cone calorimeter test (CCT), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synergism is based primarily on the Lewis acid-base interactions between PAPP and AlPi. The interactions lead to the formation of a cohesive, uniform, and thermally stable char layer before ABS starts to decompose. The barrier effect of the high-quality char layer plays a dominant role in reducing the flammability of FRABS-3. Furthermore, fuel dilution and flame inhibition effects of the evolved gases also contribute to the superior flame retardancy of FRABS-3 to some extent.
ISSN:0141-3910
1873-2321
DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109639