Universal Mobility in Old Core Cities of India: People’s Perception

• Published in: Sustainability 2021-04, Vol.13 (8), p.4391
• Main Authors: Mahapatra, Gaurab Das, Mori, Suguru, Nomura, Rie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Censuses; Cities; Communication; Design; Guidelines; Handicapped accessibility; Hypotheses; Intellectual disabilities; Mental disorders; Mobility; Older people; People with disabilities; Perception; Population; Provisions; Public transportation; Sustainability; Universal design; Urban areas; User groups; Walking
• ISSN: 2071-1050; 2071-1050
• DOI: 10.3390/su13084391

In this research, users’ perception towards Universal Mobility in old core cities of India has been critically analyzed. Despite Universal Design guidelines from the United Nations and Union Government of India, old cities in India seldom have Universal Mobility, in effect endangering the lifestyle of senior citizens and differently-abled people. The core of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Kolkata, India, has been considered a case example for this research. This research has considered three types of datasets for analysis. First, the authors interviewed 310 respondents from the Indian design fraternity, with the objective of understanding their opinions on the concept of Universal Design. In the next investigative study of 125 respondents from different wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, the purpose was to comprehend people’s perception regarding walkability and mobility in an old Indian city. In the last visual survey of a stretch in Central Kolkata, the focus was on identifying hindrances in Universal Mobility in an old city core of Indian origin. Significant dissatisfaction was found regarding walkability amongst all user groups, which is linked to poor infrastructural conditions. Furthermore, accessing public transportation is difficult due to improper waiting facilities. However, the design fraternity in India suggests the need of separate accessibility guidelines for old and new cities in India. The design fraternity also recommends a customized rating system for accessing Universal Design. The result of this study indicates a need of recognizing the difficulty in imparting Universal Mobility in old core cities in India. This information can be used for preparing an access audit checklist through Architectural Planning, which is the first step in proposing a framework for Universal Mobility in old core cities in India.