Food Resources Biodiversity: The Case of Local Cattle in Slovakia

This study aimed to assess the level of biodiversity in selected local cattle populations as important food resources in Slovakia. The biodiversity level was derived from the genome-wide data collected for dairy (Jersey), dual-purpose (Slovak Pinzgau, Slovak Spotted), and beef breeds (Charolais, Lim...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2021-02, Vol.13 (3), p.1296
Main Authors: Kasarda, Radovan, Vostrý, Luboš, Vostrá-Vydrová, Hana, Candráková, Kristína, Moravčíková, Nina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Animal populations
Animals
Beef cattle
Biodiversity
Breeding
Calpain
Casein
Cattle
Domestication
Food resources
Genes
Genetic analysis
Genetic diversity
Genetic variability
Genomes
Genomics
Haplotypes
Inbreeding
Livestock
Milk
Milk production
Nucleotides
Polymorphism
Population
Population genetics
Population number
Populations
Sustainability
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Summary:This study aimed to assess the level of biodiversity in selected local cattle populations as important food resources in Slovakia. The biodiversity level was derived from the genome-wide data collected for dairy (Jersey), dual-purpose (Slovak Pinzgau, Slovak Spotted), and beef breeds (Charolais, Limousine). The commonly used indices, genomic inbreeding (FROH, FGRM, FHOM, FUNI) and effective population size (NeLD), were used to quantify the impact of relatives mating on the genome of analysed populations. Even if the low NeLD estimates signalise significant loss of genetic variability within populations, the genomic inbreeding under 1% (except Jersey) showed that the intensity of diversity loss is not so rapid and can be managed by the re-arrangement of long-term breeding strategies. The analysis of genetic differentiation degree across populations assumed that the specialisation of breeds during their grading-up led to the specific nucleotide changes, especially in genes responsible for preferred phenotypic traits. The breed-specific differences observed mainly in the genome of Charolais (carcass traits) and Jersey (milk production traits) populations resulted from the polymorphisms in CAPN1 (μ-calpain) and CSN1S2 (casein alpha s2) genes, respectively. Obtained results confirmed that the specific haplotypes are strongly associated with the genetic nature of breed depending on production type.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su13031296