Toxicity of Refugio Beach Oil to Sand Crabs (Emerita analoga), Blue Mussels (Mytilus sp.), and Inland Silversides (Menidia beryllina)

Monterey formation crude oil spilled from an onshore pipeline and entered the surf zone near Refugio State Beach, Santa Barbara County, California (USA) on 19 May 2015. During this season, early life stages of many marine fish and invertebrates were present. Surf zone water and beach porewater sampl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2021-09, Vol.40 (9), p.2578-2586
Main Authors: Donohoe, Regina M., Duke, Bryand M., Clark, Stephen L., Joab, Bruce M., Dugan, Jenifer E., Hubbard, David M., DaSilva, April R., Anderson, Michael J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Beaches
Bioassays
Brachyura
Chemical analysis
Coastal waters
Crude oil
Crustaceans
Early life stage toxicity
Ecotoxicology
Embryos
Emerita analoga
Fish
Fishes
high‐energy water accommodated fraction
Hydrocarbons
Invertebrate toxicology
Invertebrates
Larvae
Marine fish
Menidia beryllina
Mollusks
Mussels
Mytilus
Mytilus edulis
Oil
Oil spills
Petroleum
Petroleum - analysis
Petroleum - toxicity
Petroleum hydrocarbons
Petroleum Pollution - analysis
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity
Pore water
Porewater
Sand
Seawater
Shellfish
Surf
Surf zone
Toxicity
Water
Water analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:Monterey formation crude oil spilled from an onshore pipeline and entered the surf zone near Refugio State Beach, Santa Barbara County, California (USA) on 19 May 2015. During this season, early life stages of many marine fish and invertebrates were present. Surf zone water and beach porewater samples were collected during the 4 mo after the spill and 2 yr later for chemical analyses. Elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were observed in surf zone water and porewater near the release point, declining with distance and time. Early life stage toxicity was investigated by conducting 6‐ and 7‐d static renewal bioassays with sand crab (Emerita analoga) post larvae (megalopae) and inland silverside larvae (Menidia beryllina), respectively, and a 48‐h blue mussel (Mytilus sp.) embryo development bioassay. Dilutions of a high‐energy water accommodated fraction of the Refugio Beach oil and a seawater control were prepared to simulate surf zone PAH concentrations (nominal PAH45; 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µg/L). The PAH45 median lethal concentrations (LC50s), based on measured concentrations, were 381 µg/L for Mytilus sp., 75.6 µg/L for Menidia, and 40.9 µg/L for Emerita. Our results suggest that PAH concentrations in coastal waters of the spill‐affected area were potentially lethal to early life stages of fish and invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2578–2586. © 2021 SETAC
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.5148