Mitochondrial Targeting Cationic Purpurinimide–Polyoxometalate Supramolecular Complexes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy with Reduced Dark Toxicity

Polyoxometalates (POMs), that are well‐defined metal‐oxygen cluster anions, are functional molecules extensively used in various research applications. The synthesis of neutral purpurinimides, followed by conversion to cationic purpurinimides (CPIs), formed CPI–POM supramolecular complexes via elect...

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Published in:European journal of inorganic chemistry 2021-08, Vol.2021 (31), p.3211-3223
Main Authors: Lee, Tae Heon, Liu, Yang, Kim, Hye Jeong, Lee, Sang Hyeob, Song, Hyeon Ho, Shim, Young Key, Lee, Woo Kyoung, Yoon, Il
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cations
Complex systems
Cytotoxicity
Inorganic chemistry
Photodynamic therapy
Photosensitizer
Polyoxometalate
Polyoxometallates
Purpurinimide
Scanning microscopy
Supramolecular complex
Toxicity
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Summary:Polyoxometalates (POMs), that are well‐defined metal‐oxygen cluster anions, are functional molecules extensively used in various research applications. The synthesis of neutral purpurinimides, followed by conversion to cationic purpurinimides (CPIs), formed CPI–POM supramolecular complexes via electrostatic interactions between each CPI and the polyanionic POM. The cellular uptake of purpurinimides, CPIs, and their CPI–POMs in A549 and HeLa cell lines was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. CPIs showed concentration‐dependent dark cytotoxicity; however, CPI–POMs exhibited reduced low dark cytotoxicity. After photoirradiation, CPIs and CPI–POMs revealed enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) compared to free purpurinimides against A549 and HeLa cells. The CPIs exhibit low cell viability by incorporating their PDT effect with intrinsic dark cytotoxicity; however, the CPI–POMs exhibited a POM delivery effect‐based enhanced PDT activity in the supramolecular complex system with low dark cytotoxicity. In particular, the clicked CPI–POM revealed two times higher PDT activity compared with the clicked free CPI, due to the good delivery effect of POM. CPI–POM supramolecular complexes, resulting from the electrostatic interactions between CPI and polyanionic POM, those exhibited high cellular uptake followed by mitochondrial targeting of CPI–POM complexes into tumour cells through endocytosis, causing cell death after photogeneration of 1O2, resulting in enhanced photodynamic activity with reduced dark toxicity.
ISSN:1434-1948
1099-0682
DOI:10.1002/ejic.202100485