Non-steady-state crystal growth of LiNbO3 in the presence of an interface electric field

•Equilibrium partitioning coefficient was modified by an interface electric field.•Ionic species near the interface were redistributed due to an abrupt change of growth velocity.•The Seebeck coefficient was compensated by a specific current injection.•Both c-EMF and Seebeck-effect induced supercooli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of crystal growth 2021-07, Vol.566-567, p.126161, Article 126161
Main Authors: Shi, Qilin, Uda, Satoshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
A1. Electric fields
A1. Impurities
A1. Interfaces
A1. Segregation
A2. Growth from melt
B1. Oxides
Crystal growth
Crystal pulling
Electric fields
Liquid-solid interfaces
Lithium niobates
Single crystals
Steady state
Supercooling
Unity
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Summary:•Equilibrium partitioning coefficient was modified by an interface electric field.•Ionic species near the interface were redistributed due to an abrupt change of growth velocity.•The Seebeck coefficient was compensated by a specific current injection.•Both c-EMF and Seebeck-effect induced supercooling potential became zero for any growth velocity under a critical current.•The true congruent LN crystal exhibits no compositional variation even under non-steady state growth. The redistribution of ionic species in LiNbO3 (LN) single crystals was analyzed under an abrupt change in the growth velocity in the presence of an interface electric field during growth using the micro-pulling-down technique. The unity value of the equilibrium partitioning coefficient, k0, for the true congruent LN, cs-MgO:LN, was modified by the interface electric field and converted to kE0 (≠1). This non-unity kE0 resulted in compositional variation in the crystal during non-steady-state growth. When a certain electric current was applied to the solid–liquid interface to counterbalance the Seebeck-effect-driven electric field to make kE0 = 1 for every ionic species, no change in solute concentration was found to have occurred during non-steady-state growth. These results demonstrated that the true congruent LN crystal maintained compositional uniformity irrespective of the growth conditions. We also investigated the effect of the velocity dependence of supercooling on the Seebeck-effect-induced potential at the interface.
ISSN:0022-0248
1873-5002
DOI:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126161