Why Can’t You Just Pick One? The Stigmatization of Non-binary/Genderqueer People by Cis and Trans Men and Women: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory

Non-binary and genderqueer identities often resonate with people whose genders are outside the man-woman dichotomy, fluid, androgynous, and/or variant. Yet the gender binary system remains the unwavering norm, often placing non-binary and genderqueer people on the margins of social acceptability, an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sex roles 2021-09, Vol.85 (5-6), p.343-356
Main Author: Worthen, Meredith G. F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Behavioral Science and Psychology
Cisgender
Females
Gender identity
Gender Studies
Males
Medicine/Public Health
Men
Non-binary gender
Norms
Original Article
Psychology
Social power
Sociology
Statistical Data
Stigma
Transgender persons
Women
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Summary:Non-binary and genderqueer identities often resonate with people whose genders are outside the man-woman dichotomy, fluid, androgynous, and/or variant. Yet the gender binary system remains the unwavering norm, often placing non-binary and genderqueer people on the margins of social acceptability, and surprisingly little research has investigated those who stigmatize non-binary/genderqueer people. The current study utilizes Worthen’s ( 2020 ) Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) and nationally representative data collected from U.S. online panelists ( n  = 3009: 1419 cis men, 1461 cis women, 74 trans women, 55 trans men) to investigate how norms (cisnormativity) and gender identity axes of social power (man/woman, cis/trans, and intersecting cis/trans-man/woman identities) relate to the stigmatization of non-binary/genderqueer people. Overall findings indicate that (a) cisnormativity is integral to understanding non-binary/genderqueer stigma, (b) the stigmatizer’s gender identity axes of social power are essential to explore as related to both cisnormativity and non-binary/genderqueer stigma, and (c) cisgender women are significantly different from others when it comes to both cisnormativity and non-binary/genderqueer stigma. Overall, the results underscore the significance of focusing on the unique complexities involved in the stigmatization of non-binary/genderqueer people and work toward dismantling such negativities.
ISSN:0360-0025
1573-2762
DOI:10.1007/s11199-020-01216-z