Study on Evaporation Kinetics of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn Systems Under Vacuum Condition

• Published in: Journal of sustainable metallurgy 2021-09, Vol.7 (3), p.995-1003
• Main Authors: Zhao, Weichen, Xu, Baoqiang, Yang, Bin, Yang, Hongwei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activity coefficients; Bismuth; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Evaporation rate; Kinetics; Mathematical models; Metallic Materials; Research Article; Sustainable Development; Ternary systems; Vacuum distillation; Zinc base alloys
• ISSN: 2199-3823; 2199-3831
• DOI: 10.1007/s40831-021-00386-8

In this work, the experiments were carried out to investigate the evaporation kinetics of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn systems under vacuum distillation. The evaporation rate of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn systems were measured at pressure of 10 Pa. The activity coefficients of Zn for these two systems were modelled by the T–K-Wilson (Tsuboka–Katayama modified Wilson) equation. There is satisfactory agreement between the experimental results and the model calculations. The evaporation coefficients and evaporation rates of metal elements under vacuum conditions were obtained based on the Langmuir equation. The range of evaporation coefficients in the systems were determined. The results show that the evaporation ratio increases with increasing the temperature. The experimental and calculated evaporation rates of Zn in binary and ternary systems were discussed. In addition, the activation energies of Zn for the Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn alloys were calculated. Graphical Abstract