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Full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm for BDS3
The Ka-band dual one-way measurements from Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) devices equipped on the third-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS3) follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure and can calculate inter-satellite and satellite-ground clock offsets. L-band two-way satell...
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Published in: | GPS solutions 2021-10, Vol.25 (4), Article 140 |
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description | The Ka-band dual one-way measurements from Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) devices equipped on the third-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS3) follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure and can calculate inter-satellite and satellite-ground clock offsets. L-band two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) is also applied for time synchronization between satellites and ground master. We focus on a full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm that estimates all satellite clock parameters simultaneously utilizing ISL clock observations and also synchronizes the constellation to the system time in Beidou Time (BDT) using Ka-band satellite-ground clock observations. We discuss the applications of this algorithm by assessing the clock performance of all BDS3 satellites equipped with a passive hydrogen maser (PHM) or rubidium atomic clock. After investigating the proper prediction model for each satellite, we use the full-ISL algorithm for 24-h clock predictions. The constant hardware delays in the ISL measurements are calibrated by comparing the derived clock parameters with TWSTFT measurements; the full-ISL clock products show high accuracy and continuity. The BDS3 PHMs and rubidium clocks both have a small clock rate drift of 10
–20
s/s
2
. The frequency stability of the BDS3 PHMs and some rubidium clocks is approximately 6–9 × 10
–15
at 1-day intervals. A linear model is suitable for these small-drift clocks, while a quadratic model is essential for the other rubidium clocks. Applying the full-ISL clock prediction method improves the RMS of the 24 h prediction error from 0.88 to 0.75 ns for PHMs and from 2.62 to 1.64 ns for rubidium clocks. The estimated ISL hardware delay STDs are less than 0.2 ns, and the prediction errors evaluated with TWSTFT clock observations are similar to those evaluated with Ka-band clock observations. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10291-021-01177-0 |
format | article |
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–20
s/s
2
. The frequency stability of the BDS3 PHMs and some rubidium clocks is approximately 6–9 × 10
–15
at 1-day intervals. A linear model is suitable for these small-drift clocks, while a quadratic model is essential for the other rubidium clocks. Applying the full-ISL clock prediction method improves the RMS of the 24 h prediction error from 0.88 to 0.75 ns for PHMs and from 2.62 to 1.64 ns for rubidium clocks. The estimated ISL hardware delay STDs are less than 0.2 ns, and the prediction errors evaluated with TWSTFT clock observations are similar to those evaluated with Ka-band clock observations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1080-5370</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1521-1886</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10291-021-01177-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Algorithms ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Atomic clocks ; Automotive Engineering ; BeiDou Navigation Satellite System ; benefits ; Clocks & watches ; Drift ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Electrical Engineering ; Extremely high frequencies ; Frequency stability ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Hardware ; Hydrogen masers ; Intersatellite communications ; Mathematical models ; Navigation satellites ; Original Article ; Parameter estimation ; practice ; Prediction models ; promise ; Rubidium ; Satellite communications ; Satellite constellations ; Satellite navigation systems ; Satellite observation ; Satellites ; Space Exploration and Astronautics ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics ; Time Division Multiple Access ; Time synchronization ; Timekeeping in space: technology</subject><ispartof>GPS solutions, 2021-10, Vol.25 (4), Article 140</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c249t-78ef66d3970669b9c3532d7ca2736e948d9b1f0aec4437947aea24f2ffb1c5f23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c249t-78ef66d3970669b9c3532d7ca2736e948d9b1f0aec4437947aea24f2ffb1c5f23</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9459-1996</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pan, Junyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiaogong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shanshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Chengpan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Dongxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yufei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Wenli</creatorcontrib><title>Full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm for BDS3</title><title>GPS solutions</title><addtitle>GPS Solut</addtitle><description>The Ka-band dual one-way measurements from Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) devices equipped on the third-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS3) follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure and can calculate inter-satellite and satellite-ground clock offsets. L-band two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) is also applied for time synchronization between satellites and ground master. We focus on a full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm that estimates all satellite clock parameters simultaneously utilizing ISL clock observations and also synchronizes the constellation to the system time in Beidou Time (BDT) using Ka-band satellite-ground clock observations. We discuss the applications of this algorithm by assessing the clock performance of all BDS3 satellites equipped with a passive hydrogen maser (PHM) or rubidium atomic clock. After investigating the proper prediction model for each satellite, we use the full-ISL algorithm for 24-h clock predictions. The constant hardware delays in the ISL measurements are calibrated by comparing the derived clock parameters with TWSTFT measurements; the full-ISL clock products show high accuracy and continuity. The BDS3 PHMs and rubidium clocks both have a small clock rate drift of 10
–20
s/s
2
. The frequency stability of the BDS3 PHMs and some rubidium clocks is approximately 6–9 × 10
–15
at 1-day intervals. A linear model is suitable for these small-drift clocks, while a quadratic model is essential for the other rubidium clocks. Applying the full-ISL clock prediction method improves the RMS of the 24 h prediction error from 0.88 to 0.75 ns for PHMs and from 2.62 to 1.64 ns for rubidium clocks. The estimated ISL hardware delay STDs are less than 0.2 ns, and the prediction errors evaluated with TWSTFT clock observations are similar to those evaluated with Ka-band clock observations.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Atmospheric Sciences</subject><subject>Atomic clocks</subject><subject>Automotive Engineering</subject><subject>BeiDou Navigation Satellite System</subject><subject>benefits</subject><subject>Clocks & watches</subject><subject>Drift</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electrical Engineering</subject><subject>Extremely high frequencies</subject><subject>Frequency stability</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Hardware</subject><subject>Hydrogen masers</subject><subject>Intersatellite communications</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Navigation satellites</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Parameter estimation</subject><subject>practice</subject><subject>Prediction models</subject><subject>promise</subject><subject>Rubidium</subject><subject>Satellite communications</subject><subject>Satellite constellations</subject><subject>Satellite navigation systems</subject><subject>Satellite observation</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Space Exploration and Astronautics</subject><subject>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</subject><subject>Time Division Multiple Access</subject><subject>Time synchronization</subject><subject>Timekeeping in space: technology</subject><issn>1080-5370</issn><issn>1521-1886</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UMtOwzAQtBBIlMIPcLLE2bB-JI6PtFCoVIlD4Wy5jl1S0rjY6YG_r9sgceOw2h1pZnZ3ELqlcE8B5EOiwBQlwHJRKiWBMzSiRYa0qsrzPEMFpOASLtFVShsABkqJEZrM9m1L5ssFtm2wXzh4n1yPXeqbremb0GHT1XgXXd3YAbbrEJv-c4t9iHjytOTX6MKbNrmb3z5GH7Pn9-krWby9zKePC2KZUD2RlfNlWXMloSzVSllecFZLa5jkpVOiqtWKejDOCsGlEtI4w4Rn3q-oLTzjY3Q3-O5i-N7nC_Um7GOXV2pWnEwFHFlsYNkYUorO613Mr8QfTUEfs9JDVjpnpU9ZacgiPohSJndrF_-s_1EdAMqLass</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Pan, Junyang</creator><creator>Hu, Xiaogong</creator><creator>Zhou, Shanshi</creator><creator>Tang, Chengpan</creator><creator>Wang, Dongxia</creator><creator>Yang, Yufei</creator><creator>Dong, Wenli</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-1996</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm for BDS3</title><author>Pan, Junyang ; Hu, Xiaogong ; Zhou, Shanshi ; Tang, Chengpan ; Wang, Dongxia ; Yang, Yufei ; Dong, Wenli</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c249t-78ef66d3970669b9c3532d7ca2736e948d9b1f0aec4437947aea24f2ffb1c5f23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Atmospheric Sciences</topic><topic>Atomic clocks</topic><topic>Automotive Engineering</topic><topic>BeiDou Navigation Satellite System</topic><topic>benefits</topic><topic>Clocks & watches</topic><topic>Drift</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electrical Engineering</topic><topic>Extremely high frequencies</topic><topic>Frequency stability</topic><topic>Geophysics/Geodesy</topic><topic>Hardware</topic><topic>Hydrogen masers</topic><topic>Intersatellite communications</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Navigation satellites</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Parameter estimation</topic><topic>practice</topic><topic>Prediction models</topic><topic>promise</topic><topic>Rubidium</topic><topic>Satellite communications</topic><topic>Satellite constellations</topic><topic>Satellite navigation systems</topic><topic>Satellite observation</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Space Exploration and Astronautics</topic><topic>Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics</topic><topic>Time Division Multiple Access</topic><topic>Time synchronization</topic><topic>Timekeeping in space: technology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pan, Junyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiaogong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shanshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Chengpan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Dongxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yufei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Wenli</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>GPS solutions</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pan, Junyang</au><au>Hu, Xiaogong</au><au>Zhou, Shanshi</au><au>Tang, Chengpan</au><au>Wang, Dongxia</au><au>Yang, Yufei</au><au>Dong, Wenli</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm for BDS3</atitle><jtitle>GPS solutions</jtitle><stitle>GPS Solut</stitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><artnum>140</artnum><issn>1080-5370</issn><eissn>1521-1886</eissn><abstract>The Ka-band dual one-way measurements from Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) devices equipped on the third-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS3) follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure and can calculate inter-satellite and satellite-ground clock offsets. L-band two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) is also applied for time synchronization between satellites and ground master. We focus on a full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm that estimates all satellite clock parameters simultaneously utilizing ISL clock observations and also synchronizes the constellation to the system time in Beidou Time (BDT) using Ka-band satellite-ground clock observations. We discuss the applications of this algorithm by assessing the clock performance of all BDS3 satellites equipped with a passive hydrogen maser (PHM) or rubidium atomic clock. After investigating the proper prediction model for each satellite, we use the full-ISL algorithm for 24-h clock predictions. The constant hardware delays in the ISL measurements are calibrated by comparing the derived clock parameters with TWSTFT measurements; the full-ISL clock products show high accuracy and continuity. The BDS3 PHMs and rubidium clocks both have a small clock rate drift of 10
–20
s/s
2
. The frequency stability of the BDS3 PHMs and some rubidium clocks is approximately 6–9 × 10
–15
at 1-day intervals. A linear model is suitable for these small-drift clocks, while a quadratic model is essential for the other rubidium clocks. Applying the full-ISL clock prediction method improves the RMS of the 24 h prediction error from 0.88 to 0.75 ns for PHMs and from 2.62 to 1.64 ns for rubidium clocks. The estimated ISL hardware delay STDs are less than 0.2 ns, and the prediction errors evaluated with TWSTFT clock observations are similar to those evaluated with Ka-band clock observations.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s10291-021-01177-0</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-1996</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algorithms Atmospheric Sciences Atomic clocks Automotive Engineering BeiDou Navigation Satellite System benefits Clocks & watches Drift Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrical Engineering Extremely high frequencies Frequency stability Geophysics/Geodesy Hardware Hydrogen masers Intersatellite communications Mathematical models Navigation satellites Original Article Parameter estimation practice Prediction models promise Rubidium Satellite communications Satellite constellations Satellite navigation systems Satellite observation Satellites Space Exploration and Astronautics Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics Time Division Multiple Access Time synchronization Timekeeping in space: technology |
title | Full-ISL clock offset estimation and prediction algorithm for BDS3 |
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