Ecological effect and countermeasures of hardening coastal defense

• Published in: Journal of agricultural resources and environment 2020-01, Vol.37 (4), p.461
• Format: Article
• Language: Chinese
• Subjects: Aquatic ecosystems; Biodiversity; Biological activity; Climate change; Coastal ecology; Coastal erosion; Coastal zone; Coastal zone management; Coasts; Defense; Ecological effects; Ecology; Engineering; Environmental protection; Environmental research; Fisheries management; Flood damage; Geomorphology; Habitat loss; Hardening; Human populations; Marine biology; Natural resources; Science; Sea level rise; Shorelines; Soil erosion; Storm surges; Storms; Wetlands
• ISSN: 2095-6819; 2095-6819
• DOI: 10.13254/j.jare.2019.0112

虽然滨海地区占地球陆地面积不足4%，但沿海生境是全球最有价值的自然资源之一。世界上超过三分之一的人口生活在距海岸线100 km的范围内。气候变化和人类活动使得全球海岸侵蚀和风暴潮威胁加重。海岸防护可以有效抵御海岸侵蚀、风暴风险和海平面上升。本文概述了全球主要沿海国家和地区（欧盟、美国、中国）海岸硬化情况以及海岸硬化带来的生态效应。欧洲海岸线硬化比例为10%（2006年），美国海岸的硬化比例为14%（2015年），而中国海岸线的硬化比例近60%（2014年）。海岸硬化会引起滨海湿地重要物理、化学和生物过程的改变，生境丧失和破碎化，以及生物连通性的改变。增加硬化设施的结构复杂性或由混合型海岸代替传统硬化海岸可以减轻海岸硬化对滨海湿地生态系统的威胁，但对硬质海岸和混合型海岸的生态服务功能以及抵御风暴能力的评估还比较缺乏，有待进一步研究。 Although coastal areas account for less than 4% of the earth's land area, coastal habitats are one of the world's most valuable natural resources. Over one-third of the human population lives within 100 km of the coastline. Climate change and human activities exacerbate the global threat of coastal erosion and storm surges. Coastal protection is effective against coastal erosion, storm risk, and sea level rise. This paper summarized the coastal hardening conducted in major coastal regions of the world (EU, USA, and China) and the main ecological effects of coastal hardening. Ten percent of Europe's coastline was hardened by 2006, approximately 1