STACEX: RPC-based detector for a multi-messenger observatory in the Southern Hemisphere

Recent findings by the LHAASO experiment are opening a new window, that of the PeV sky, to the observation of the electromagnetic spectrum. Several astronomical objects emitting gamma-rays at energies well above 100 TeV have been observed with the LHAASO-KM2 array of scintillators and muon detectors...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2021-09
Main Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez, Gonzalo, Bigongiari Ciro, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Camarri Paolo, Cardillo Martina, Di Sciascio Giuseppe, Fioretti Valentina, Romani, Marco, Piano Giovanni, Santonico Rinaldo, Tavani, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Celestial bodies
Energy spectra
Gamma ray astronomy
Gamma ray detectors
Gamma rays
Muons
Resistive plate chambers
Scintillation counters
Sensors
Showers
Southern Hemisphere
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Summary:Recent findings by the LHAASO experiment are opening a new window, that of the PeV sky, to the observation of the electromagnetic spectrum. Several astronomical objects emitting gamma-rays at energies well above 100 TeV have been observed with the LHAASO-KM2 array of scintillators and muon detectors, clearly demonstrating the feasibility of gamma-ray astronomy up to PeV energies. An all-sky gamma-ray detector in the Southern Hemisphere, operating in the GeV-PeV range, could complement LHAASO observations, monitor the Inner Galaxy and the Galactic Center looking for PeVatrons. As shown by LHAASO, a water-Cherenkov based detector is not well suited to measure the energy spectrum up to the PeV range, nor to reach the advisable 100 GeV threshold. The ARGO-YBJ experiment, operated for many years at 4300 m a.s.l. with an energy threshold of about 300 GeV, demonstrated, on the contrary, the capability of a carpet of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) to fully reconstruct showers starting from the GeV range up to about 10 PeV. In this contribution we propose a hybrid detector made of a layer of RPCs on top of a water Cherenkov facility devoted to the detection of muons for the selection of gamma-induced showers by the muon-poor technique. We present the layout and discuss the expected performance.
ISSN:2331-8422