Cellular Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissues

Adipose tissue depots in distinct anatomical locations mediate key aspects of metabolism, including energy storage, nutrient release, and thermogenesis. Although adipocytes make up more than 90% of adipose tissue volume, they represent less than 50% of its cellular content. Here, I review recent adv...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of physiology 2021-02, Vol.83 (1), p.257-278
Main Author: Corvera, Silvia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adipocyte
Adipocytes
Adipocytes - physiology
Adipogenesis - physiology
adipokine
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - physiology
adipose-derived stem cell
ADSC
adult stem cells
Animal tissues
Animals
diabetes
Energy metabolism
Energy storage
Heterogeneity
Humans
Immune system
Macrophages
Metabolic disorders
Monocytes
Nutrient release
obesity
Paracrine signalling
Progenitor cells
Thermogenesis
Thermogenesis - physiology
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Summary:Adipose tissue depots in distinct anatomical locations mediate key aspects of metabolism, including energy storage, nutrient release, and thermogenesis. Although adipocytes make up more than 90% of adipose tissue volume, they represent less than 50% of its cellular content. Here, I review recent advances in genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomics that reveal the identities of the heterogeneous cell populations constituting mouse and human adipose tissues. In addition to mature adipocytes and their progenitors, these include endothelial and various immune cell types that together orchestrate adipose tissue development and functions. One salient finding is the identification of progenitor subtypes that can modulate adipogenic capacity through paracrine mechanisms. Another is the description of fate trajectories of monocyte macrophages, which can respond maladaptively to nutritional and thermogenic stimuli, leading to metabolic disease. These studies have generated an extraordinary source of publicly available data that can be leveraged to explore commonalities and differences among experimental models, providing new insights into adipose tissues and their role in metabolic disease.
ISSN:0066-4278
1545-1585
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095446