A Review on Fundamentals, Design and Optimization to High ZT of Thermoelectric Materials for Application to Thermoelectric Technology

Thermoelectricity has been proven as a potential technology for the conversion of waste heat into usable electricity. It involves primarily three parameters, namely the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. However, there are many other interrelated parameters, such...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of electronic materials 2021-11, Vol.50 (11), p.6037-6059
Main Authors: Kumar, Ashish, Bano, Sahiba, Govind, Bal, Bhardwaj, A., Bhatt, Komal, Misra, D. K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atomic properties
Boltzmann transport equation
Carrier density
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Design optimization
Efficiency
Electrical resistivity
Electricity distribution
Electronics and Microelectronics
Energy
Equilibrium
Figure of merit
Heat conductivity
Heat sources
Heat treatment
Instrumentation
Materials Science
Optical and Electronic Materials
Optimization
Phonons
Relaxation time
Review Article
S parameters
Seebeck effect
Solid State Physics
Thermal conductivity
Thermoelectric materials
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Summary:Thermoelectricity has been proven as a potential technology for the conversion of waste heat into usable electricity. It involves primarily three parameters, namely the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. However, there are many other interrelated parameters, such as carrier concentration, mobility, effective mass, multi-valley bands, relaxation time, reduced Fermi energy, phonon modes, scattering parameters, and the number of neighbouring atoms in a given structure. The understanding of these parameters is equally important in order to optimize a high figure of merit ( ZT ). This article addresses the basics of electronic and thermal transport with the help of Boltzmann transport equation, fundamental concepts for the design of thermoelectric (TE) materials, and implementation of several strategies such as alloying, the phonon-glass electron-crystal (PGEC) approach, band engineering and nanostructuring to optimize the ZT of materials, and finally ends with a discussion of the future prospects of heat extraction through different heat sources.
ISSN:0361-5235
1543-186X
DOI:10.1007/s11664-021-09153-7