Defective Autophagy and Mitophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Translational Implications

• Published in: Molecular neurobiology 2021-10, Vol.58 (10), p.5289-5302
• Main Authors: Chen, Jie, He, Hai-Jun, Ye, Qianqian, Feng, Feifei, Wang, Wen-Wen, Gu, Yingying, Han, Ruiyu, Xie, Chenglong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aging; Aging - drug effects; Aging - metabolism; Aging - pathology; Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism; Animals; Autophagy; Autophagy - drug effects; Autophagy - physiology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brain - drug effects; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Cell Biology; Clinical Trials as Topic - methods; Histopathology; Humans; Indoles - administration & dosage; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - metabolism; Mitochondria - pathology; Mitophagy; Mitophagy - drug effects; Mitophagy - physiology; Neurobiology; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurofibrillary tangles; Neurofibrillary Tangles - drug effects; Neurofibrillary Tangles - metabolism; Neurofibrillary Tangles - pathology; Neurology; Neurosciences; Phagocytosis; Plaque, Amyloid - drug therapy; Plaque, Amyloid - metabolism; Plaque, Amyloid - pathology; Senile plaques; Tau protein; tau Proteins - metabolism; Translational Science, Biomedical - methods; Translational Science, Biomedical - trends; β-Amyloid
• ISSN: 0893-7648; 1559-1182
• DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02487-7

The main histopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is featured by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain, which is likely to result from co-pathogenic interactions among multiple factors, e.g., aging or genes. The link between defective autophagy/mitophagy and AD pathologies is still under investigation and not fully established. In this review, we consider how AD is associated with impaired autophagy and mitophagy, and how these impact pathological hallmarks as well as the potential mechanisms. This complicated interplay between autophagy or mitophagy and histopathology in AD suggests that targeting autophagy or mitophagy probably is a promising anti-AD drug candidate. Finally, we review the implications of some new insights for induction of autophagy or mitophagy as the new therapeutic way that targets processes upstream of both NFT and Aβ plaques, and hence stops the neurodegenerative course in AD.