Adaptive robust energy management for isolated microgrids considering reactive power capabilities of distributed energy resources and reactive power costs

• Published in: Electric power systems research 2021-10, Vol.199, p.107375, Article 107375
• Main Authors: Sadek, Shady M., Omran, Walid A., Hassan, M.A. Moustafa, Talaat, Hossam E.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Active-reactive power; Adaptive robust optimization; Diesel fuels; Diesel generators; Distributed generation; Electricity distribution; Energy management; Energy Management (EM); Inverters; Load shedding; Mathematical models; Microgrids (MGs); Nonlinear programming; Power consumption; Power dispatch; Power sources; Reactive power capability curves; Renewable energy sources; Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), Distributed Energy Resources (DERs); Robustness; Studies
• ISSN: 0378-7796; 1873-2046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107375

•We proposed an adaptive (two-stage) robust energy management for an isolated microgrid considering renewables uncertainty.•Minimization of the expected total operating costs of the microgrid is the objective function.•Reactive power costs from diesel generators are considered and are co-optimized with active power costs•The reactive power capability of the inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources is considered.•Detailed modeling of the diesel generators and inverter interfaced distributed energy resources by the consideration of their capability curves is provided.•The results obtained validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. This paper presents an adaptive robust Energy Management (EM) model for an isolated Microgrid (MG) to decide for the day-ahead optimal dispatch to effectively manage the MG power sources considering uncertainties in Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The aim of this model is to minimize the operation costs, reactive power costs, spinning reserve and load shedding. Usually, fuel consumption costs of diesel generators are considered to be dependent on active power generation only. However, neglecting the related reactive power costs might result in increased operation costs and deviations from optimal dispatches. Hence, this paper optimizes the costs related to both active and reactive powers of diesel generators. Furthermore, simultaneous active/reactive power dispatch can lead to accurate operation decisions compared to separate dispatch for active or reactive power alone. In addition, this study considers the reactive power capability of inverter-interfaced Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) so that reactive powers can be supplied from inverter-interfaced DERs. Moreover, detailed models for the different resources are presented, especially for diesel generators and inverter interfaced DERs where actual capability curves are used instead of the widely used box constraints. The problem is formulated as nonlinear programming problem using GAMS program and solved by the CONOPT solver.