Graphene edge method for three‐dimensional probing of Raman microscopes focal volumes

In this work, a layer of graphene was used as a standard material for the measurement of the dimensions of Raman microscopes focal volumes of different confocal Raman spectrometers equipped with different objectives and excitation laser wavelengths. This method consists in probing the volume near th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Raman spectroscopy 2021-10, Vol.52 (10), p.1671-1684
Main Authors: Sacco, Alessio, Portesi, Chiara, Giovannozzi, Andrea Mario, Rossi, Andrea Mario
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
dimensional analysis
focal volume
Graphene
metrology
Microscopes
quantification
Spectrometers
Wavelengths
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Summary:In this work, a layer of graphene was used as a standard material for the measurement of the dimensions of Raman microscopes focal volumes of different confocal Raman spectrometers equipped with different objectives and excitation laser wavelengths. This method consists in probing the volume near the focal point of the system by using a flat graphene monolayer sheet with a straight edge. Graphene was selected because of its high Raman cross section and mechanically and chemically stability, allowing fast measurements and easy manipulation. In this paper, a method to employ graphene to accurately and precisely measure the three dimensions of the focal volume of a Raman microscope is presented; scanning along the axial and lateral directions, it is possible to reconstruct the three dimensions of the focal volume. Furthermore, these operations can be combined in a single procedure which allows the measurement of projections of the volume on planes parallel to the optical axis. Knowledge of these parameters enable absolute quantification of Raman‐active molecules and support high‐resolution Raman imaging. A novel method for the accurate measurement of the dimensions of the focal volumes of Raman microscopes, using the edge of a graphene flake, was devised. In this work, it is explained in detail and applied to three confocal Raman setups: intensity profiles, laser spot areas, and confocal volumes are calculated with estimated uncertainties. The method allows intensity profiles measurement in three dimensions and combined scans result in the depiction of 2D projections of the volumes in the axial direction.
ISSN:0377-0486
1097-4555
DOI:10.1002/jrs.6187