Optimum silver contact sputtering parameters for efficient perovskite solar cell fabrication

The use of magnetron sputtering for deposition of the metal electrode in perovskite solar cells has been limited because of the damage to the organic hole transport layer by high kinetic energy particles during the sputtering process. In this paper, a systematic investigation into the effect of sput...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Solar energy materials and solar cells 2021-09, Vol.230, p.111185, Article 111185
Main Authors: Eze, Martin C., Ugwuanyi, Godwin, Li, Meng, Eze, Hyginus U., Rodriguez, Guillermo M., Evans, Alex, Rocha, Victoria G., Li, Zhe, Min, Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Argon
Circuits
Damage
Energy conversion efficiency
Fabrication
Flow rates
Flow velocity
Kinetic energy
Magnetron sputtering
Metal electrode
Open circuit voltage
Organic hole transport layer
Parameters
Perovskite solar cells
Perovskites
Photovoltaic cells
Silver
Solar cells
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Summary:The use of magnetron sputtering for deposition of the metal electrode in perovskite solar cells has been limited because of the damage to the organic hole transport layer by high kinetic energy particles during the sputtering process. In this paper, a systematic investigation into the effect of sputtering power, argon flow rate, sputtering duration, and argon pressure on the performance of the perovskite cells was conducted. The results of this work show that high power conversion efficiency of 18.35% was obtained for solution-processed, air-fabricated perovskite solar cells with Ag contact prepared using magnetron sputtering. The devices also exhibit an excellent short-current density of 22.56 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.10 V and a fill factor of 73.7%. The investigation reveals that sputtering power is the most critical factor that needs to be carefully controlled to minimise the damage to the hole transport layer. This study demonstrates that highly efficient perovskite solar cells can be fabricated using magnetron sputtering if the sputtering parameters are optimised. •Magnetron sputtering for preparation of high-quality top electrode of perovskite solar cells.•A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4%, representing the highest PCE of the perovskite solar cells fabricated in air.•Importance of controlling sputtering power for minimising the damage to spiro-OMeTED layer.
ISSN:0927-0248
1879-3398
DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111185