Socioeconomic determinants of primary school children dropout: a case study of Pakistan

• Published in: International journal of educational management 2021-10, Vol.35 (6), p.1221-1230
• Main Authors: Ali, Kazim, Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan, Makhdum, Muhammad Sohail Amjad, Quddoos, Abdul, Sardar, Azeem
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Children; Children & youth; Corporal punishment; Developed countries; Developing countries; Developing Nations; Dropout Characteristics; Economic development; Economic growth; Education; Educational Attainment; Educational Environment; Elementary School Students; Enrollments; Families & family life; Family Characteristics; Family planning; Females; Foreign Countries; Gender; Gender Differences; Human capital; LDCs; Marriage; Parent Background; Parents & parenting; Potential Dropouts; Poverty; Primary Education; Quality of education; Rural Areas; School dropout programs; School dropouts; School environment; School Holding Power; Schools; Secondary schools; Sex discrimination; Single Sex Schools; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomic Influences; Socioeconomic status; Socioeconomics; Student retention; Sustainable development; Teachers; Unemployment
• ISSN: 0951-354X; 1758-6518
• DOI: 10.1108/IJEM-04-2021-0144

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to identify the socioeconomic determinants of dropout from primary schools and to give policy suggestions to address the issue.Design/methodology/approachA total of 600 dropout and enrolled respondents were selected from 60 government primary schools of district Chiniot. School heads and parents of dropout children were taken as samples. The results were obtained by employing the Probit regression model.FindingsNumbers of family members, age of the family head, exchange marriage and poverty status have positive relationship with dropout from primary schools. The findings revealed a higher rate of dropout among girls, which is a major cause of concern.Practical implicationsEducation is regarded as a basic human right and a valuable human capital. It is included in Millennium Development Goals to achieve universal primary education and in Sustainable Development Goals as quality education. Underdeveloped countries are facing the problems of high dropout and lack of quality education, especially in Pakistan. These problems need to be addressed to keep pace with developed nations and to meet development goals.Originality/valueIt is recommended that government should create employment opportunities, family planning programs, legislature measures on exchange marriage and child labor. The involvement in co-curricular activities in learning and usage of audio-visual aids in the teaching process can improve the enrollment in the primary schools.