The Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) and the Hayabusa2 Impact Experiment

• Published in: Space science reviews 2017-07, Vol.208 (1-4), p.165-186
• Main Authors: Saiki, T., Imamura, H., Arakawa, M., Wada, K., Takagi, Y., Hayakawa, M., Shirai, K., Yano, H., Okamoto, C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceleration; Aerospace Technology and Astronautics; Asteroids; Astrophysics and Astroparticles; Control systems; Craters; Design; Detonation; Experiments; Explosive impact tests; Japanese spacecraft; Kinetic energy; Physical properties; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Planetology; Regolith; Sample return missions; Space Exploration and Astronautics; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics; Systems design; Velocity
• ISSN: 0038-6308; 1572-9672
• DOI: 10.1007/s11214-016-0297-5

Hayabusa2 is a sample return mission of JAXA launched on 3 December 2014. Hayabusa2 is the successor of Hayabusa , which returned samples from the asteroid Itokawa to the Earth. Although the design of Hayabusa2 follows that of Hayabusa , the former is equipped with some new components. The small carry-on impactor (SCI) is one of those components. The SCI is a compact kinetic impactor designed to remove the asteroid surface regolith locally and create an artificial crater. One of the most important scientific objectives of Hayabusa2 is to investigate the chemical and physical properties of the internal materials and structures of the target body, asteroid Ryugu. Hayabusa2 will attempt to observe the resultant crater with some scientific instruments and to get samples from around the crater. High kinetic energy is required to create a meaningful crater, however, the impact system design needs to fit within strict constraints. Complicated functions, such as a guidance and control system, are not permitted. A special type of shaped charge is used for the acceleration of the impactor of the SCI in order to make system simpler. Using this explosion technique makes it possible to accelerate the impactor very quickly and to hit the asteroid without a guidance system. However, the impact operation will be complicated because the explosive is very powerful and it scatters high-speed debris at the detonation. This paper describes an overview of the SCI system, the results of the development testing and an outline of the impact experiment of the Hayabusa2 mission.