Bayesian Optimization of High‐Entropy Alloy Compositions for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

Active, selective and stable catalysts are imperative for sustainable energy conversion, and engineering materials with such properties are highly desired. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) offer a vast compositional space for tuning such properties. Too vast, however, to traverse without the proper tools....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie 2021-11, Vol.133 (45), p.24346-24354
Main Authors: Pedersen, Jack K., Clausen, Christian M., Krysiak, Olga A., Xiao, Bin, Batchelor, Thomas A. A., Löffler, Tobias, Mints, Vladislav A., Banko, Lars, Arenz, Matthias, Savan, Alan, Schuhmann, Wolfgang, Ludwig, Alfred, Rossmeisl, Jan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloys
Bayesian analysis
Bayesian optimization
Binary alloys
Catalysts
Chemical reduction
Chemistry
complex solid solutions
Composition
density functional calculations
Density functional theory
Electrochemistry
Energy conversion
Entropy
High entropy alloys
Iridium
Optimization
Oxygen
Oxygen reduction reactions
Palladium
Platinum
Renewable energy
Ruthenium
Silver
Sustainability
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Summary:Active, selective and stable catalysts are imperative for sustainable energy conversion, and engineering materials with such properties are highly desired. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) offer a vast compositional space for tuning such properties. Too vast, however, to traverse without the proper tools. Here, we report the use of Bayesian optimization on a model based on density functional theory (DFT) to predict the most active compositions for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the least possible number of sampled compositions for the two HEAs Ag‐Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Ru and Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Rh‐Ru. The discovered optima are then scrutinized with DFT and subjected to experimental validation where optimal catalytic activities are verified for Ag–Pd, Ir–Pt, and Pd–Ru binary alloys. This study offers insight into the number of experiments needed for optimizing the vast compositional space of multimetallic alloys which has been determined to be on the order of 50 for ORR on these HEAs. This study combines kinetic modeling and density functional theory calculations with Bayesian optimization to find optimal alloy compositions for the oxygen reduction reaction while sampling a minimum number of compositions. Starting from the Ag‐Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Ru and Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Rh‐Ru alloy systems, the discovered optimal Ag–Pd, Ir–Pt, and Pd–Ru alloys are subsequently validated experimentally.
ISSN:0044-8249
1521-3757
DOI:10.1002/ange.202108116