Conceptual design overview of the ITER WCLL Water Cooling System and supporting thermal-hydraulic analysis

• Published in: Fusion engineering and design 2021-10, Vol.171, p.112598, Article 112598
• Main Authors: Ciurluini, C., Narcisi, V., Tincani, A., Ferrer, C. Ortiz, Giannetti, F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Circuits; Conceptual design; Cooling; Cooling systems; Cooling water; Design modifications; Heat; Heat exchangers; Heat sinks; Hydraulic models; Hydraulics; ITER; Liquid cooling; Lithium; LOHS; Radioisotopes; RELAP5; TBM; Temperature control; Temperature gradients; WCS
• ISSN: 0920-3796; 1873-7196
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112598

•The conceptual design developed for ITER WCLL TBS WCS is presented.•A full model of ITER WCLL TBS WCS and PbLi loop was prepared with RELAP5/Mod3.3 code.•ITER TBS normal operational state simulated to evaluate the performance in transient.•The behavior under abnormal conditions was studied to verify the control strategy. In this paper, the conceptual design of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead (WCLL) Test Blanket Module (TBM) Water Cooling System (WCS) from Europe is presented. The system consists of two loops in series. This design feature allows the removal of heat from the TBM box avoiding at the same time the release of radionuclides into the ITER Component Cooling Water System (CCWS), that acts as WCLL Test Blanket System heat sink. For this purpose, the WCS primary loop deals with the direct heat removal from the ITER TBM and the secondary one implements physical separation between the contaminated primary loop coolant and the CCWS. The insertion of an economizer into the primary loop determines the characteristic “eight” shape of the circuit. This choice was done in order to reduce the temperature difference on the intermediate heat exchanger. Hairpin type and steam bubble are the technologies selected for heat exchangers and pressurizers, respectively. Pressure and temperature control systems are foreseen to limit excursions from rated values in normal operational states and abnormal transients. A computational activity was promoted to assess the WCLL-WCS conceptual design, using a modified version of the RELAP5 Mod3.3 system code. A detailed thermal-hydraulic model was developed on the basis of design outcomes. The nodalization scheme includes the TBM, the WCS, a portion of the CCWS and the lithium-lead circuit. The computational campaign involved both the normal operational state and selected abnormal transients. In all the scenarios simulated, the conceptual design has highlighted the capability of operating the system respecting all the thermal-hydraulic requirements. The abnormal transient selected and presented is the loss of flow in the CCWS (loss of heat sink). In these conditions, TBM cooling function has been verified, keeping standard control strategies without any external action.