Cytochrome P450 2B6 Amperometric Biosensor for Continuous Monitoring of Propofol

Despite the growing evidence of improved patient outcomes and of a substantially reduced environmental impact of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia when compared to volatile-based techniques, the vast majority of general anesthetics still use volatile agents for the maintenance phase. A sig...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE sensors journal 2021-11, Vol.21 (21), p.23730-23736
Main Authors: Ferrier, David C., Kiely, Janice, Luxton, Richard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
6-diisopropylphenol sensor
Anesthesia
Anesthetics
Biochemistry
Biosensors
Chemical sensors
Chitosan
Current measurement
Cytochrome
cytochrome P450 2B6
Cytochromes P450
Electrical measurement
electrochemical biosensor
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Environmental impact
Enzymes
Gold
Measurement techniques
Nanoparticles
Propofol biosensor
Quinones
real-time detection
Sensors
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Summary:Despite the growing evidence of improved patient outcomes and of a substantially reduced environmental impact of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia when compared to volatile-based techniques, the vast majority of general anesthetics still use volatile agents for the maintenance phase. A significant reason for this is the lack of suitable point-of-care, real-time blood propofol measurement techniques. Here we present an enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of propofol. Deactivated yeast cells expressing the enzyme cytochrome P450 2B6 are immobilized, alongside gold nanoparticles, within a chitosan film upon the surface of a screen printed electrode. In the presence of the cofactor NADPH, the enzyme converts propofol to a quinone/quinol redox pair that can be detected using simple electrochemistry. This approach avoids the issue of electrode fouling that commonly renders electrochemical propofol sensors impractical. The sensor has a limit of detection of 67 ± 7 ng/ml and a sensitivity of 4.2 ± 0.2 nA/ \mu \text{g} /ml/mm ^{\mathbf {2}} . It has been successfully demonstrated in a serum-like solution and has shown a linear response across the therapeutic range of propofol (1 - 10~\mu \text{g} /ml). Additionally, the sensor has shown good specificity with regards to potential interfering compounds.
ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2021.3112273