Effect of solutes on grain refinement

Grain refinement not only enhances the mechanical performance of as-cast metallic materials but also provides an effective mechanism for controlling cast defects, such as macro-segregation, porosity and coarse second phase particles. Therefore, understanding grain refinement of alloys with different...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Progress in materials science 2022-01, Vol.123, p.100809, Article 100809
Main Authors: Fan, Z., Gao, F., Wang, Y., Men, H., Zhou, L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Composition
Crystal defects
Grain initiation
Grain refinement
Growth restriction
Historical analysis
Materials science
Mechanical properties
Nucleation
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Summary:Grain refinement not only enhances the mechanical performance of as-cast metallic materials but also provides an effective mechanism for controlling cast defects, such as macro-segregation, porosity and coarse second phase particles. Therefore, understanding grain refinement of alloys with different solute additions is of both theoretical and practical importance. Although extensive research has been carried out over many decades and significant progress has been made on the subject, such historical research has not delivered the desirable scientific understanding, and many critical questions remain open. Adopting a hybrid approach between review and overview, in this paper, we firstly provide a brief review on the historical research on the solute effect on grain refinement in the literature, then present the recent advances in the understanding of the subject in a holistic manner, and finally offer a summary of the factors that hindered progress in the past, key advances made in recent years and some suggestions for future research directions.
ISSN:0079-6425
1873-2208
DOI:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100809