Towards establishing no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) for different sources of dietary phosphorus in feline adult diets: results from a 7-month feeding study

• Published in: British journal of nutrition 2021-12, Vol.126 (11), p.1626-1641
• Main Authors: Coltherd, Jennifer C., Alexander, Janet E., Pink, Claire, Rawlings, John, Elliott, Jonathan, Haydock, Richard, Carvell-Miller, Laura J., Biourge, Vincent C., Molina, Luis, Butterwick, Richard, Logan, Darren W., Watson, Phillip, Bakke, Anne Marie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bone density; Calcium; Cats; Creatinine; Diet; Diet - veterinary; Glomerular filtration rate; Hormones; Kidney; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Meals; Metabolism and Metabolic Studies; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Phosphorus; Phosphorus, Dietary - adverse effects; Renal function; Salts; Side effects; Sodium triphosphate; Sodium tripolyphosphate; Urea; Urine
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521000477

High dietary phosphorus (P), particularly soluble salts, may contribute to chronic kidney disease development in cats. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety of P supplied at 1 g/1000 kcal (4184kJ) from a highly soluble P salt in P-rich dry format feline diets. Seventy-five healthy adult cats (n 25/group) were fed either a low P control (1·4 g/1000 kcal [4184kJ]; Ca:P ratio 0·97) or one of two test diets with 4 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ); Ca:P 1·04 or 5 g/1000 kcal (4184kJ); Ca:P 1·27, both incorporating 1 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) – for a period of 30 weeks in a randomised parallel-group study. Health markers in blood and urine, glomerular filtration rate, renal ultrasound and bone density were assessed at baseline and at regular time points. At the end of the test period, responses following transition to a commercial diet (total P – 2·34 g/1000 kcal [4184kJ], Ca:P 1·3) for a 4-week washout period were also assessed. No adverse effects on general, kidney or bone (skeletal) function and health were observed. P and Ca balance, some serum biochemistry parameters and regulatory hormones were increased in cats fed test diets from week 2 onwards (P ≤ 0·05). Data from the washout period suggest that increased serum creatinine and urea values observed in the two test diet groups were influenced by dietary differences during the test period, and not indicative of changes in renal function. The present data suggest no observed adverse effect level for feline diets containing 1 g P/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) from STPP and total P level of up to 5 g/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) when fed for 30 weeks.