A Note on the Role of Seasonal Expansions and Contractions of the Flowing Fluvial Network on Metapopulation Persistence

• Published in: Water resources research 2021-11, Vol.57 (11), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Giezendanner, J., Benettin, P., Durighetto, N., Botter, G., Rinaldo, A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Connectivity; Dendritic structure; Diameters; Domains; Drainage; Drainage density; dynamic drainage density; Dynamic structural analysis; Dynamics; Ecology; Eigenvalues; Environmental quality; Fluctuations; fractal river networks; Geomorphology; Habitat changes; Habitats; hydrologic fluctuations; Hydrologic networks; Hydrology; Metapopulations; Networks; Outlets; Polytrees; River basins; River networks; Rivers; Scaling; scaling in river networks; Seasonal variations; Species; species persistence in fluvial habitats; Statistical methods; stream ecology; Substrates; Survival; Traction; Viability
• ISSN: 0043-1397; 1944-7973
• DOI: 10.1029/2021WR029813

Does a dynamic drainage density have a role on species persistence in the river basin? The general viability of a focus species under time‐varying hydrologic connectivity and habitat quality is a topic gaining traction in view of recent advances in our understanding of flowing fluvial network dynamics and of ecological interactions occurring on directed trees. Here, we combine metapopulation dynamics and scaling theory to investigate how the structure of river networks and time‐changing hydrological and geomorphological attributes control local metapopulation survival. This is done by introducing seasonal fluctuations of the drainage density subsuming overall time‐changing connectivity and distributed changes in habitat quality of the fluvial domain. Suitable replicas of channel networks within an assigned domain are used to compute the statistics of evolving metapopulation capacities, properties of a landscape matrix measuring the viability of the focus species. To obtain consistent replicas of the substrate for ecological interactions, we employ constructs whose suitability for the task has long been established. We find that the river network structure blends the fluctuations into a nontrivial scaling of the metapopulation capacity with the sum of total active contributing sites at any point of the flowing network. The latter is proportional to the mean distance to the outlet of the flowing dendrite and to the tree diameter—a measure of the overall connectivity of the active stream links. Scaling emerges as a robust ensemble property that enables the linkage of ecological patterns across a river network to clearly identified hydrological and geomorphological factors. Plain Language Summary Contractions and expansions of the active flowing river networks matter for the persistence of ecological species owing to the related changes on local habitat suitability. The general viability of a focus species is determined here by the value of the so‐called metapopulation capacity, the maximum eigenvalue of a suitable landscape matrix, which depends on the extent of the active network. The range of metapopulation capacities experienced by a dynamically changing flowing river network is shown to scale with total contributing area, a result that bears implications on our ability to predict the connection of hydrology and ecology. Key Points Fluctuations of drainage density matter for a species' metapopulation dynamics owing to related changes on local habitat size