Drag on a Square-Cylinder Array Placed in the Mixing Layer of a Compound Channel

There are no studies specifically aimed at characterizing and quantifying drag forces on finite cylinder arrays in the mixing layer of compound channel flows. Addressing this research gap, the current study is aimed at characterizing experimentally drag forces and drag coefficients on a square-cylin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2021-11, Vol.13 (22), p.3225
Main Authors: Ferreira, Rui M. L., Gymnopoulos, Miltiadis, Prinos, Panayotis, Alves, Elsa, Ricardo, Ana M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arrays
Compound channels
Conservation equations
Cylinders
Drag coefficients
Drag reduction
Floodplains
Floods
Flow velocity
Fluid flow
Momentum
Reynolds number
Shear rate
Submergence
Velocity
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Summary:There are no studies specifically aimed at characterizing and quantifying drag forces on finite cylinder arrays in the mixing layer of compound channel flows. Addressing this research gap, the current study is aimed at characterizing experimentally drag forces and drag coefficients on a square-cylinder array placed near the main-channel/floodplain interface, where a mixing layer develops. Testing conditions comprise two values of relative submergence of the floodplain and similar ranges of Froude and bulk Reynolds numbers. Time-averaged hydrodynamic drag forces are calculated from an integral analysis: the Reynolds-averaged integral momentum (RAIM) conservation equations are applied to a control volume to compute the drag force, with all other terms in the RAIM equations directly estimated from velocity or depth measurements. This investigation revealed that, for both tested conditions, the values of the array-averaged drag coefficient are smaller than those of cylinders in tandem or side by side. It is argued that momentum exchanges between the flow in the main channel and the flow in front of the array contributes to reduce the pressure difference on cylinders closer to the interface. The observed drag reduction does not scale with the normalized shear rate or the relative submersion. It is proposed that the value of the drag coefficient is inversely proportional to a Reynolds number based on the velocity difference between the main-channel and the array and on cylinder spacing.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w13223225