Interaction of copper with titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced hematological and biochemical effects in Clarias gariepinus

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-12, Vol.28 (47), p.67646-67656
• Main Authors: Matouke, Moise Matouke, Sanusi, Hussaina Mohammed, Eneojo, Abalaka Samson
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: additive effect; Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Alkaline phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic Pollution; Aspartate aminotransferase; aspartate transaminase; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Binary mixtures; Bioavailability; Biochemistry; Biodiversity; blood serum; brain; Catalase; Clarias gariepinus; Copper; Copper - metabolism; Copper - toxicity; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Exposure; Fish; freshwater; Gills; Glutathione; Glutathione transferase; heart; Hematology; Hormones; intravenous injection; kidneys; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; liver; Liver - metabolism; Metallothionein; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Organs; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidation; Research Article; Superoxide dismutase; Thyroxine; Titanium; Titanium - metabolism; Titanium - toxicity; Titanium dioxide; toxicity; Transaminases; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15148-y

The increasing demand for engineered nanomaterials induces potential harmful impact into aquatic ecosystems and is a great concern for freshwater biodiversity. The present study showed that enhancing toxic property of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) with copper (Cu) was responsible for the disruption of hormonal, hematological, and biochemical activities, in Clarias gariepinus . The study revealed that C. gariepinus intravenously injected with safe concentrations of TiO 2 NPs (3μg g) and Cu (2.5 μg g) alone and binary mixtures (TiO 2 NPs (3μg g) + Cu (2.5μg g)) for a period of 96h remarkably changed hormonal activities and hematological and biochemical indices of the fish. Our findings indicated that both chemicals accumulated in vital organs (the brain, serum, heart, gonad, liver, gills, serum, and kidney) and the presence of TiO 2 NPs enhanced the bioavailability of copper. Fish exposed to TiO 2 NPs alone significantly increased thyroxine (T 4 ) and further decreased triidothyronine (T 3 ). In addition, the binary mixtures showed antagonistic effects on both hormones. The hematological indices (WBC, RBC, HGt, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Hct) were altered in all treatment groups. Decrease in WBC, RBC, HGt, Hct, and MCV were observed. Furthermore, the co-exposure further decreased WBC (60.28%), RBC (47.10%), HGt (75.99%), Hct (25.34%), and MCV (16.18%), in contrast, MCH and MCHC increased by of 2 folds, respectively. Metabolic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant (p