Alteration of Endogenous Fatty Acids Profile and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Caused by a High‐Colleseed Oil and a High‐Sunflower Oil Diet

• Published in: European journal of lipid science and technology 2021-12, Vol.123 (12), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Li, Ruizhi, Tan, Chin Ping, Xu, Yong‐Jiang, Liu, Yuanfa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adaptation expression; Adiponectin; Arachidonic acid; colleseed oil; Correlation analysis; Desaturase; Diet; Dietary intake; Fats; fatty acid profiles; Fatty acids; Gene expression; Genes; High fat diet; Homeostasis; In vivo methods and tests; Linoleic acid; Linolenic acid; lipid homeostasis; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Metabolism; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Oils & fats; Oleic acid; Organs; Sunflower oil; Sunflowers
• ISSN: 1438-7697; 1438-9312
• DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100100

Dietary fat has an important influence on mammalian lipid homeostasis. However, the relationship between dietary fat types and endogenous fatty acids (FAs) in organs as well as lipid homeostasis remains unclear enough. In this study, rats are randomly divided into a control group (CN), a high‐colleseed oil group (COG), and a high‐sunflower oil group (SOG). FAs profile in liver and visceral fats of rats in two high‐fat (HF) diet groups is compared with that in CN. Oleic, γ‐linolenic, eicosadienoic, and arachidonic acid accumulate in COG liver or visceral fats, but the levels of linoleic, eicosadienoic, docosanoic, and dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid decrease in COG visceral fats. However, these FAs levels increased in SOG liver or visceral fats except dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and arachidonic acid which changed insignificantly. The trend of initial upregulation and then downregulation of lipid metabolism‐related genes expression is noted in COG liver, including stearoyl‐CoA desaturase. Upregulation of adiponectin (ADPN) expression in visceral fats and downregulation of ADPN receptor 2 (Adipo‐R2) expression in livers of both HF groups are observed. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between specific FAs content and ADPN expression level. Negative correlations are observed between Adipo‐R2 expression and the content of oleic, linoleic, and γ‐linolenic acid in the SOG liver. Practical applications: Dietary fat not only provides energy but is also associated with lipid homeostasis. In this work, the authors investigate the distribution of fatty acids (FAs) in vivo and their influence on genes related to lipid metabolism induced by diets enriched in oleic acid or linoleic acid. The study suggests that dietary fats modulate lipid homeostasis not only by regulating endogenous FAs levels but also by affecting the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. This study may support the research in lipid nutrition and rational intake of dietary fat. Dietary fat provides energy as well as being related to lipid homeostasis. A colleseed oil diet group (COG) and a sunflower oil diet group (SOG) are used for investigating the correlation between dietary fat and distribution of endogenous fatty acids (FAs) as well as expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes. This study suggests that dietary fats modulate lipid homeostasis not only through regulating endogenous FAs level but also via affecting expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes. This study may help to th