Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres from bio-inspired dopamine: Hexamethylenetetramine-induced polymerization, morphology control and supercapacitor performance

[Display omitted] •N-doped hollow carbon spheres were fabricated by using dopamine as carbon and nitrogen source.•Dopamine polymerized to polydopamine in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine.•Morphology can be controlled by tuning the concentration of dopamine monomers.•The 12NHCS-based supercapac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.900, p.115735, Article 115735
Main Authors: Yu, Xiang-Hui, Zhao, Zi-Yan, Yi, Jin-Long, Wang, Feng-Yun, Zhang, Ru-Liang, Yu, Qing, Liu, Lei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Carbon
Carbonization
Dopamine
Flux density
Hexamethylenetetramine
Hollow carbon spheres
Melamine
Microprocessors
Morphology
Morphology control
Nanospheres
Nitrogen
Nitrogen-doped
Structural hierarchy
Supercapacitors
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Summary:[Display omitted] •N-doped hollow carbon spheres were fabricated by using dopamine as carbon and nitrogen source.•Dopamine polymerized to polydopamine in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine.•Morphology can be controlled by tuning the concentration of dopamine monomers.•The 12NHCS-based supercapacitor delivered an energy density as high as 6.1 Wh kg−1. Through a one-pot carbonization route, nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCS) with adjustable surface topography were manufactured by using dopamine as carbon and nitrogen source, melamine–formaldehyde (MF) nanospheres as template, and hexamethylenetetramine as pH buffer. During carbonization process, the MF core decomposed to form a hollow structure, and meanwhile introduce nitrogen into the carbon skeleton and activated the carbon shell. By tuning the concentration of dopamine monomers, the obtained NHCS exhibited deflated-ball like or spherical morphology with high surface areas of 865–1307 m2 g−1 and dual-mesoporous (2.6 and 3.8 nm) structure. Benefiting from the hollow structure, hierarchical porous shell and nitrogen doping, the all-solid-state supercapacitors assembled by NHCS showed high energy density of 6.1 Wh kg−1 at 100 W kg−1, high rate performance as well as long cycle life of 83.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.
ISSN:1572-6657
1873-2569
DOI:10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115735