Detecting High-Frequency Gravitational Waves with Microwave Cavities

We give a detailed treatment of electromagnetic signals generated by gravitational waves (GWs) in resonant cavity experiments. Our investigation corrects and builds upon previous studies by carefully accounting for the gauge dependence of relevant quantities. We work in a preferred frame for the lab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2023-04
Main Authors: Berlin, Asher, Blas, Diego, Raffaele Tito D'Agnolo, Ellis, Sebastian A R, Harnik, Roni, Kahn, Yonatan, Schütte-Engel, Jan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Dark matter
Data search
Gravitational waves
Holes
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:We give a detailed treatment of electromagnetic signals generated by gravitational waves (GWs) in resonant cavity experiments. Our investigation corrects and builds upon previous studies by carefully accounting for the gauge dependence of relevant quantities. We work in a preferred frame for the laboratory, the proper detector frame, and show how to resum short-wavelength effects to provide analytic results that are exact for GWs of arbitrary wavelength. This formalism allows us to firmly establish that, contrary to previous claims, cavity experiments designed for the detection of axion dark matter only need to reanalyze existing data to search for high-frequency GWs with strains as small as \(h\sim 10^{-22}-10^{-21}\). We also argue that directional detection is possible in principle using readout of multiple cavity modes. Further improvements in sensitivity are expected with cutting-edge advances in superconducting cavity technology.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.2112.11465