Age and Sex-Specific Joint Biomechanics in Response to Partial and Complete ACL Injury in the Porcine Model

Context: Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are increasing and are highest in adolescent females. Complete ACL tears are typically surgically reconstructed, but there are few guidelines and very limited data regarding the need for surgical reconstruction or rehabilitation for pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of athletic training 2021-12
Main Authors: Howe, Danielle, Cone, Stephanie G, Piedrahita, Jorge A, Spang, Jeffrey T, Fisher, Matthew B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescents
Females
Knee
Laboratories
Late Adolescents
Ligaments
Males
Outcome Measures
Patients
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Summary:Context: Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are increasing and are highest in adolescent females. Complete ACL tears are typically surgically reconstructed, but there are few guidelines and very limited data regarding the need for surgical reconstruction or rehabilitation for partial ACL tears in skeletally immature patients.Objective: To evaluate the impact of partial (anteromedial bundle) and complete ACL transection on joint laxity and tissue forces under anterior and rotational loads in male and female stifle joints throughout skeletal growth in the porcine model.Design: Descriptive Laboratory Study.Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Sixty male and female Yorkshire cross-breed pigs aged 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 18 months (n=6/age/sex).Main Outcome Measure(s): Joint laxity was measured in intact, anteromedial bundle-transected, and ACL-transected joints under applied anterior-posterior drawer and varus-valgus torque using a robotic testing system. The loading of the soft tissues in the stifle joint was measured under each condition.Results: Anterior-posterior joint laxity increased by 13–50% (p
ISSN:1062-6050
1938-162X
DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-565-21