Structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of Bayanhushu Sag in Hailar Basin, north‐east China: A study based on structural physical simulation

• Published in: Geological journal (Chichester, England) England), 2022-01, Vol.57 (1), p.317-339
• Main Authors: Liu, Heng‐Lin, Li, Zhong‐Quan, Peng, Yang, Meng, Qi‐An, Li, Gen, Hu, Yi‐Ling, Zhang, Peng‐Hui, Li, Dian, Su, Gui‐Ping, Long, Wei, Li, Jing‐Sheng, Ding, Xiao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basins; Bayanhushu Sag; Complex formation; Compression; Compressive properties; Evolution; fault‐related fold; formation mechanism; Hailar Basin; Inversion; Natural gas exploration; Oil; Oil and gas exploration; Oil exploration; Physical simulation; Plates; Plates (tectonics); Seismic surveys; Simulation; structural evolution; structural physical simulation; Subduction; Subduction (geology); Tectonics
• ISSN: 0072-1050; 1099-1034
• DOI: 10.1002/gj.4299

The Hailar Basin, located in north‐east China, is a typical continental rifted basin that contains oil and gas. The basin formation process comprised several stages of construction and reformation with complex formation mechanisms. The Bayanhushu (BYHS) Sag is a secondary structural unit in the south‐west Hailar Basin with a significant resource potential, but its current poor exploration and insufficient understanding of the structural evolution characteristics are restricting further oil and gas exploration. Therefore, the study of the structural evolution of the BYHS Sag plays a pivotal role in the future exploration and development of oil and gas. There are different hypotheses on the formation mechanisms and structural evolution of the BYHS Sag. To further understand the evolutionary history of the BYHS Sag, a structural physical simulation experiment was used based on the structural interpretation and geometric analysis of a seismic section. Inversion validation was then undertaken by the 2DMove equilibrium profile recovery technology. It was found that the formation process of the BYHS Sag was mainly controlled by the western Adunchulu Fault. Faults on the section developed in succession from top to bottom. The fault plane experienced multiple changes, thus forming a special seat‐shaped structural pattern. Structural inversion occurred twice during the evolution of the sag. The compressive stress during the tectonic inversion mainly acted in a SE direction. It is inferred that this was related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate and the intermittent compression caused by the transmission of stress of the arc–continent collision. The Hailar Basin is superimposed on the Ergun Block and the Xing'an Block in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. It was an Early Cretaceous rift basin developed on the Late Palaeozoic collision orogenic belt between the Siberian Plate and North China Plate. Structural inversion occurred twice during the evolution of Bayanhushu Sag, Hailar Basin. The compressive stress during the tectonic inversion mainly acted in the SE direction. It is inferred that this was related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate and the intermittent compression caused by the transmission of stress of the arc–continent collision.