A viewpoint on material and design considerations for oesophageal stents with extended lifetime

Oesophageal stents are meshed tubular implants designed to maintain patency of the oesophageal lumen and attenuate the symptoms of oesophageal cancer. Oesophageal cancers account for one in twenty cancer diagnoses and can lead to dysphasia, malnutrition and the diminishment of patient quality of lif...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 2022, Vol.57 (1), p.3-26
Main Authors: Jackson, Caitlin E., Johnson, Liam S. J., Williams, Dominic A., Laasch, Hans-Ulrich, Edwards, Derek W., Harvey, Alison G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Biodegradability
Cancer
Care and treatment
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Classical Mechanics
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
Design
Esophageal cancer
Innovations
Invited Viewpoint
Materials Science
Polymer Sciences
Service life assessment
Solid Mechanics
Stent (Surgery)
Stents
Surface treatment
Surgical implants
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Summary:Oesophageal stents are meshed tubular implants designed to maintain patency of the oesophageal lumen and attenuate the symptoms of oesophageal cancer. Oesophageal cancers account for one in twenty cancer diagnoses and can lead to dysphasia, malnutrition and the diminishment of patient quality of life (QOL). Self-expanding oesophageal stents are the most common approach to attenuate these symptoms. Recent advances in oncological therapy have enabled patient survival beyond the lifetime of current devices. This introduces new complications for palliation, driving the need for innovation in stent design. This review identifies the factors responsible for stent failure. It explores the challenges of enhancing the longevity of stent therapies and outlines solutions to improving clinical outcomes. Discussions focus on the role of stent materials, construction methods, and coatings upon device performance. We found three key stent enhancement strategies currently used; material surface treatments, anti-migratory modifications, and biodegradable skeletons. Furthermore, radioactive and drug eluting stent designs were identified as emerging novel treatments. In conclusion, the review offers an overview of remaining key challenges in oesophageal stent design and potential solutions. It is clear that further research is needed to improve the clinical outcome of stents and patient QOL.
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1007/s10853-021-06700-9