Nondestructive Evaluation of Fracture Toughness in 4130 Steel Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing

The knowledge of ‘plane strain fracture toughness’ ( K IC ) is essential to the operational safety of fracture-critical systems. However, it is not yet possible to quantify K IC in-service due to the destructive nature of K IC testing. Here, we investigate nonlinear ultrasonic testing (UT) as a nond...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2022-03, Vol.41 (1), Article 13
Main Authors: Williams, Colin, Borigo, Cody, Rivière, Jacques, Lissenden, Cliff J., Shokouhi, Parisa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chromium molybdenum steels
Classical Mechanics
Control
Dynamical Systems
Energy value
Engineering
Fracture toughness
Heterogeneity
Impact tests
Nondestructive testing
Nonlinearity
Parameters
Plane strain
Second harmonic generation
Solid Mechanics
Surface waves
Ultrasonic testing
Vibration
Wave velocity
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Summary:The knowledge of ‘plane strain fracture toughness’ ( K IC ) is essential to the operational safety of fracture-critical systems. However, it is not yet possible to quantify K IC in-service due to the destructive nature of K IC testing. Here, we investigate nonlinear ultrasonic testing (UT) as a nondestructive alternative. We hypothesize a correlation between the nonlinear ultrasonic parameters and K IC of a material due to their mutual dependence on materials’ microstructure. Using second harmonic generation, both surface and bulk wave modes are used to estimate the classical nonlinearity parameter ( β ) for tempered 4130 steel samples. We also report wave velocity and exponent, a new parameter describing the relationship between the second and fundamental harmonic amplitudes. Corresponding coupons are tested for their K IC characteristics using Charpy V-Notch (CVN) testing, providing a novel direct comparison between destructive and nondestructive tests. Results of nonlinear bulk wave testing indicate a monotonic relation between β and CVN absorbed energy values. The surface wave test results show a different non-monotonic trend. Bulk wave speed and exponent show no correlations with absorbed energy, while surface wave speed and exponent show similar relations. The differences between bulk and surface wave test results are attributed to sample heterogeneity and different wave structures of the two wave modes. Our findings demonstrate the potential of nonlinear UT for in-situ K IC estimation.
ISSN:0195-9298
1573-4862
DOI:10.1007/s10921-022-00846-5