Comparative analysis of the characteristics of carbonaceous material obtained via single-staged steam pyrolysis of waste tires

• Published in: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) 2022-02, Vol.72 (2), p.161-175
• Main Authors: Larionov, Kirill B., Slyusarskiy, Konstantin V., Ivanov, Aleksey A., Mishakov, Ilya V., Pak, Alexander Y., Jankovsky, Stanislav A., Stoyanovskii, Vladimir O., Vedyagin, Aleksey A., Gubin, Vladimir E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorbents; Amorphous materials; Binding energy; Black carbon; Carbon black; Carbon dioxide; Carbonaceous materials; Chemical composition; Chemical properties; Comparative analysis; Electron microscopy; Emission analysis; Gasification; Mass flow rate; Metal oxides; Nuclear fuels; Photoelectrons; Physical properties; Physicochemical properties; Pore size; Porous materials; Pyrolysis; Reactors; Recycling; Rubber; Scanning electron microscopy; Soot; Specific surface; Steam; Sulfur; Surface area; Technology; Thermal utilization; Thermogravimetric analysis; Tires; Waste utilization; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 1096-2247; 2162-2906
• DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.2010619

The two-stage technology of porous carbonaceous material obtained via pyrolysis in inert medium with subsequent activation by steam is well known. While steam could be a suitable substance for pyrolysis as well, single-staged technology for waste tire recycling is yet to be developed. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the carbonaceous materials obtained by the single-staged steam pyrolysis of waste tires was carried out, which could provide a theoretical background for the development of such technology. The steam pyrolysis was performed in a tubular reactor in an overheated steam medium (500°C with 5 kg/h mass flow rate). The technical characteristics of the obtained samples were evaluated in the context of their potential for further application as absorbent and raw material for rubber production according to Chemical Abstracts Service No. 1333-86-4. The composition and physico-chemical properties of the obtained samples were studied using BET and thermogravimetric analysis, atomic emission, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, Raman, X-ray diffraction, and photoelectron spectroscopies. The results revealed that the structure and properties of all obtained carbonaceous material samples were similar. The samples consisted of amorphous carbon (with a disordered graphite lattice) and contained a significant amount of metal oxides. According to experimental data, zinc was present in the form of ZnO with a binding energy of 1022.4 eV, while sulfur was observed in the form of sulfide and oxysulfide with binding energies of 161.8 and 163.2 eV, respectively. According to electron microscopy, the morphology of samples was represented by a set of spherical agglomerates comprising nanosized particles. According to the BET analysis of the samples, the specific surface area varied in the range between 52.0 and 66.0 m 2 /g and the pore volume values were within a range of 0.53-0.87 cm 3 /g, while the average pore size varied from 412 to 527 Å. Implications: Our paper presents original research in the field of characterization of solid material obtained by single-staged steam gasification of waste tires, which were produced and exploited in conditions of Russia. Modern technology allows thermal utilization of waste tires by obtaining powders of carbonaceous material, which could be used as fuel, adsorbent, etc., but this process usually consists of two stages - pyrolysis in inert medium and activation in steam or carbon dioxide. One of the mo