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Improved empirical hard rock pillar strength predictions using unconfined compressive strength as a proxy for brittleness

Pillars are a critical component of underground mining systems, and for this reason, pillar mechanics has historically been a major topic of rock mechanics research. In the late 20th century, many empirical studies on hard rock pillar strength were conducted, culminating in the development of a pill...

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Published in:International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences (Oxford, England : 1997) England : 1997), 2021-12, Vol.148, p.104934, Article 104934
Main Authors: Walton, G., Sinha, S.
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description Pillars are a critical component of underground mining systems, and for this reason, pillar mechanics has historically been a major topic of rock mechanics research. In the late 20th century, many empirical studies on hard rock pillar strength were conducted, culminating in the development of a pillar strength formula by Lunder & Pakalnis( Lunder and Pakalnis, 1997) 1 based on a large database of pillar cases with different performance outcomes. In this study, we re-evaluate this database with the benefit of an improved understanding of hard rock pillar mechanics based on recent findings in the literature. Specifically, pillar strength can be governed by spalling-dominated, shear-dominated, or transitional failure mechanisms depending on pillar W/H (and associated confining stress conditions). Based on this, we identify that the W/H ratios at which these transitions in strength trends occur vary as a function of brittleness, which can be approximated using the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). In contrast to existing empirical hard rock pillar strength models, this implies a non-linear relation between pillar strength and UCS. We then develop and compare a series of models that account for this behavior against the empirical database compiled by Lunder & Pakalnis( Lunder and Pakalnis, 1997) .11 Our final model is shown to be both more accurate and more conservative than that of Lunder & Pakalnis( Lunder and Pakalnis, 1997) ,11 while still requiring the same basic input parameters (UCS and W/H); specifically, our model accurately classifies 98.4% of “Stable” and “Failed” cases within the database, as compared to 90.6% for the Lunder & Pakalnis( Lunder and Pakalnis, 1997) 1 model.
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subjects Brittleness
Compressive strength
Critical components
Ductile-brittle transition
Empirical database
Failure mechanisms
Hard rock
Mechanics
Pillar strength
Rock brittleness
Rock mechanics
Rocks
Spalling
Underground mining
title Improved empirical hard rock pillar strength predictions using unconfined compressive strength as a proxy for brittleness
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