Biochemical and hormonal changes associated with root growth restriction under cadmium stress during maize (Zea mays L.) pre-emergence

Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soils is a growing global concern. Plant growth restriction is the main visible symptom of Cd toxicity, and this metal may be particularly harmful to the preformed, seminal root during the pre-emergence stage. In the present study, we focused on Cd phytotoxicit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant growth regulation 2022-03, Vol.96 (2), p.269-281
Main Authors: Matayoshi, Carolina L., Pena, Liliana B., Arbona, Vicent, Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio, Gallego, Susana M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural land
Agricultural pollution
Agriculture
Antioxidants
Ascorbic acid
Biological activity
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cadmium
Cadmium chloride
Carbonyls
Corn
Gibberellins
Homeostasis
Hormones
Isoleucine
Life Sciences
Manganese
Nutrient status
Original Paper
Peroxidase
Phytotoxicity
Plant Anatomy/Development
Plant growth
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant tissues
Proteasomes
Proteins
Soil pollution
Toxicity
Zea mays
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Summary:Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soils is a growing global concern. Plant growth restriction is the main visible symptom of Cd toxicity, and this metal may be particularly harmful to the preformed, seminal root during the pre-emergence stage. In the present study, we focused on Cd phytotoxicity in seminal root growth, nutrient composition, redox status, and hormone homeostasis during the pre-emergence stage of maize ( Zea mays L) plants, distinguishing between the root apex and the remaining root tissue. After 72 h of metal exposure (50 and 100 µM CdCl 2 ), root length and biomass, as well as Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn contents, were diminished. A redox imbalance was evidenced by changes in peroxidase activities and the ascorbate–dehydroascorbate ratio decreased in both root parts. There were fewer carbonylated proteins in both root fractions after exposure to 50 µM Cd, compared to 100 µM Cd, which was related to increased 20S proteasome activities. Cd incremented ABA, IAA, and SA contents, but drastically reduced the biologically active gibberellin GA4 and the conjugate jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). We demonstrated that the whole root tissue is involved in the maize response to Cd stress, which entails redox and hormonal rearrangements, probably directed to widen the plant defense lines at the expense of root growth.
ISSN:0167-6903
1573-5087
DOI:10.1007/s10725-021-00774-w