An Ultrahigh‐Power Mesocarbon Microbeads|Na+‐Diglyme|Na3V2(PO4)3 Sodium‐Ion Battery

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) 2022-02, Vol.34 (6), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Wei, Qiulong, Chang, Xiaoqing, Wang, Jian, Huang, Tingyi, Huang, Xiaojuan, Yu, Jiayu, Zheng, Hongfei, Chen, Jin‐hui, Peng, Dong‐Liang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anodes; Carbon nanotubes; Cathodes; Charge transfer; co‐intercalation reaction; Diffusion layers; Diffusion rate; Electrode materials; Energy storage; Flux density; Graphite; high power density; high rate capability; Intercalation; Materials science; Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3; Nanoparticles; Rechargeable batteries; Sodium-ion batteries; Storage batteries; Storage systems
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108304

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) show practical applications in large‐scale energy storage systems. But, their power density is limited by the sluggish Na+ diffusion into the cathode and anode materials. Herein, the authors demonstrate a prototype of ultrahigh power SIB, consisting of the high‐rate Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, graphite‐type mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) anode, and Na+‐diglyme electrolyte. It is found that the overpotential of the NVP cathode obeys the Ohmic rule. Thus, the as‐synthesized NVP@C@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cathode with the high conductive CNTs networks displays high electronic conductivity, reducing the overpotential and charge transfer resistances and leading to the remarkable rate capability over 1000C. For the MCMB anode, the initial [Na‐diglyme]+ co‐intercalation step is pseudocapacitive dominated, and then the expanded graphite's layers ensure the subsequent fast ions diffusion. The rapid (de)intercalation kinetics in between the cathode and anode are well‐matched. Thus, the assembled MCMB|1 m NaPF6 in diglyme|NVP@C@CNTs full‐cell SIB delivers the energy density of 88 Wh kg−1 at the high power density of ≈10 kW kg−1. Even at the ultrahigh power density of 23 kW kg−1, an energy density of 58 Wh kg−1 is obtained. The encouraging results of the full cell will promote the development of high‐power SIB for large‐scale applications in the future. A prototype of ultrahigh power sodium ion battery (SIB), mesocarbon microbeads|Na+‐diglyme|Na3V2(PO4)3, is assembled. The as‐synthesized Na3V2(PO4)3@C@CNTs cathode and mesocarbon microbeads anode display the well‐matched rate capability. The assembled full‐cell delivers an energy density of 88 Wh kg−1 at ultrahigh power density of ≈10 kW kg−1.