Assessment of Quality Indicators of Pressed Biofuel Produced from Coarse Herbaceous Plants and Determination of the Influence of Moisture on the Properties of Pellets

• Published in: Sustainability 2022-02, Vol.14 (3), p.1068
• Main Authors: Jasinskas, Algirdas, Kleiza, Vytautas, Streikus, Dionizas, Domeika, Rolandas, Vaiciukevičius, Edvardas, Gramauskas, Gvidas, Valentin, Marvin T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Alternative energy sources; Biodiesel fuels; Biofuels; Biomass; Calorific value; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Chemical elements; Compression; Crops; Density; Emissions; Energy industry; Energy resources; Evaluation; Fertilizers; Gases; Greenhouse gases; Height; Indicators; Industrial plant emissions; Mechanical properties; Miscanthus; Moisture content; Moisture resistance; Nitrogen; Nitrogen oxides; Pellets; Photochemicals; Quality assessment; Rain; Renewable resources; Silphium perfoliatum; Stems; Water content
• ISSN: 2071-1050; 2071-1050
• DOI: 10.3390/su14031068

Three coarse herbaceous energy plants—such as Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis), sida (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) and cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.)—were grown and investigated in the experimental fields of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, and the technical means of plant processing and utilization for solid biofuel were investigated. The physical–mechanical properties and quality indicators (moisture content, biometrical properties, density, and resistance to compression) of coarse stem herbaceous plants milled and compressed into 6 mm diameter pellets were investigated. The moisture content of the tested pellets was sufficiently low and ranged from 8.7% to 9.6%. The highest density was that of sida pellets (1072.3 ± 43.4 kg m−3 DM), and the lowest density was that of Miscanthus pellets (713.5 ± 67.1 kg m−3 DM). In order to evaluate the influence of moisture content on the properties of biofuel pressed into pellets, the density and the destructive compressive force of the different-moisture pellets were investigated and their change in the range of 5–15% pellet moisture content was evaluated. Criterion k was calculated to determine the effect of moisture on the pellet quality indicators (density, destructive compressive force, and lower heating value), and the following results were obtained: the highest influence of moisture on density was observed in sida (k = 34.280), on destructive compressive force in Miscanthus (k = 14.5), and on the lower heating value, also in Miscanthus (k = 0.198). After a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of these properties, an empirical model suitable for practical use was developed and prepared. Emissions of harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, were determined when various coarse stem herbaceous energy plants were burned. The determined emissions of harmful gases into the environment did not exceed the permissible values.